cerdded
Welsh
Etymology
From Middle Welsh kerddet, from Proto-Celtic *kerdeti (compare Cornish kerdhes, Breton kerzhet), from Proto-Indo-European *kerd- (compare Old English hratian (“to rush, hasten”), Ancient Greek κραδάω (kradáō, “to swing, brandish”), Sanskrit कूर्दति (kūrdati, “(s/he) leaps”)).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkɛrðɛd/
- Rhymes: -ɛrðɛd
Conjugation
Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | cerddaf | cerddi | cerdd, cerdda | cerddwn | cerddwch | cerddant | cerddir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional |
cerddwn | cerddit | cerddai | cerddem | cerddech | cerddent | cerddid | |
| preterite | cerddais | cerddaist | cerddodd | cerddasom | cerddasoch | cerddasant | cerddwyd | |
| pluperfect | cerddaswn | cerddasit | cerddasai | cerddasem | cerddasech | cerddasent | cerddasid, cerddesid | |
| present subjunctive | cerddwyf | cerddych | cerddo | cerddom | cerddoch | cerddont | cerdder | |
| imperative | — | cerdda | cerdded | cerddwn | cerddwch | cerddent | cerdder | |
| verbal noun | cerdded | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | cerddedig | |||||||
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | cerdda i, cerddaf i | cerddi di | cerddith o/e/hi, cerddiff e/hi | cerddwn ni | cerddwch chi | cerddan nhw |
| conditional | cerddwn i, cerddswn i | cerddet ti, cerddset ti | cerddai fo/fe/hi, cerddsai fo/fe/hi | cerdden ni, cerddsen ni | cerddech chi, cerddsech chi | cerdden nhw, cerddsen nhw |
| preterite | cerddais i, cerddes i | cerddaist ti, cerddest ti | cerddodd o/e/hi | cerddon ni | cerddoch chi | cerddon nhw |
| imperative | — | cerdda | — | — | cerddwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
Mutation
| Welsh mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
| cerdded | gerdded | ngherdded | cherdded |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||
References
- Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 202-3
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