caol

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish cáel,[1] from Proto-Celtic *koilos (“thin”) (compare Cornish and Welsh cul).

Pronunciation
  • (Munster) IPA(key): /keːl̪ˠ/, [këːə̯l̪ˠ][2]
  • (Connacht) IPA(key): /kiːlˠ/, /kiːl̪ˠ/
  • (Ulster) IPA(key): /kiːlˠ/, /kiːl̪ˠ/; (older) /kɯːlˠ/

Adjective

caol (genitive singular masculine caoil, genitive singular feminine caoile, plural caola, comparative caoile)

  1. thin, slender
    Synonym: tanaí
  2. fine
  3. narrow
    Synonym: cúng
  4. (sound) thin, shrill
  5. (linguistics) slender, palatalized
    Caol le caol agus leathan le leathan. (rule in Irish spelling)
    Slender (consonant) goes with slender (vowel) and broad (consonant) with broad (vowel).
  6. weak, dilute
  7. slight
  8. subtle

Declension
Declension of caol
Singular Plural (m/f)
Positive Masculine Feminine (strong noun) (weak noun)
Nominative caol chaol caola;
chaola²
Vocative chaoil caola
Genitive caoile caola caol
Dative caol;
chaol¹		 chaol;
chaoil (archaic)		 caola;
chaola²
Comparative níos caoile
Superlative is caoile

¹ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
² When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

Antonyms

Derived terms

Noun

caol m (genitive singular caoil, nominative plural caolta)

  1. slender part (of body, limb)
  2. narrow water, strait
  3. (basketry) osier, twig

Declension
Declension of caol

First declension

Bare forms:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative caol caolta
Vocative a chaoil a chaola
Genitive caoil caol
Dative caol caolta

Forms with the definite article:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an caol na caolta
Genitive an chaoil na gcaol
Dative leis an gcaol

don chaol

 leis na caolta

Derived terms
  • cuir caol ort féin (“sharpen yourself; make yourself scarce”, verb)

Verb

caol (present analytic caolann, future analytic caolfaidh, verbal noun caoladh, past participle caolta)

  1. Alternative form of caolaigh (“become thin”)

Conjugation
conjugation of caol (first conjugation – A)
singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative present caolaim caolann tú;
caolair†		 caolann sé, sí caolaimid caolann sibh caolann siad;
caolaid†		 a chaolann; a chaolas /
a gcaolann*; a gcaolas*		 caoltar
past chaol mé; chaolas chaol tú; chaolais chaol sé, sí chaolamar; chaol muid chaol sibh; chaolabhair chaol siad; chaoladar a chaol /
ar chaol*		 caoladh
past habitual chaolainn / gcaolainn‡‡ chaoltá / gcaoltᇇ chaoladh sé, sí / gcaoladh sé, s퇇 chaolaimis; chaoladh muid / gcaolaimis‡‡; gcaoladh muid‡‡ chaoladh sibh / gcaoladh sibh‡‡ chaolaidís; chaoladh siad / gcaolaidís‡‡; gcaoladh siad‡‡ a chaoladh /
a gcaoladh*		 chaoltaí / gcaolta퇇
future caolfaidh mé;
caolfad		 caolfaidh tú;
caolfair†		 caolfaidh sé, sí caolfaimid;
caolfaidh muid		 caolfaidh sibh caolfaidh siad;
caolfaid†		 a chaolfaidh; a chaolfas /
a gcaolfaidh*; a gcaolfas*		 caolfar
conditional chaolfainn / gcaolfainn‡‡ chaolfá / gcaolfᇇ chaolfadh sé, sí / gcaolfadh sé, s퇇 chaolfaimis; chaolfadh muid / gcaolfaimis‡‡; gcaolfadh muid‡‡ chaolfadh sibh / gcaolfadh sibh‡‡ chaolfaidís; chaolfadh siad / gcaolfaidís‡‡; gcaolfadh siad‡‡ a chaolfadh /
a gcaolfadh*		 chaolfaí / gcaolfa퇇
subjunctive present go gcaola mé;
go gcaolad†		 go gcaola tú;
go gcaolair†		 go gcaola sé, sí go gcaolaimid;
go gcaola muid		 go gcaola sibh go gcaola siad;
go gcaolaid†		 — go gcaoltar
past dá gcaolainn dá gcaoltá dá gcaoladh sé, sí dá gcaolaimis;
dá gcaoladh muid		 dá gcaoladh sibh dá gcaolaidís;
dá gcaoladh siad		 — dá gcaoltaí
imperative caolaim caol caoladh sé, sí caolaimis caolaigí;
caolaidh†		 caolaidís — caoltar
verbal noun caoladh
past participle caolta

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Mutation
Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
caol chaol gcaol
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References
  1. G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “cáel”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  2. Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, page 71

Further reading
  • Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “caol”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
  • Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “caol”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 115
  • Entries containing “caol” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
  • Entries containing “caol” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.

Scottish Gaelic
FWOTD – 14 November 2015

Etymology

From Old Irish cáel, from Proto-Celtic *koilos (“thin”) (compare Cornish and Welsh cul).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /kʰɯːɫ̪/

Adjective

caol

  1. thin, narrow

Antonyms

Derived terms

Noun

caol m (genitive singular caoil, plural caoiltean)

  1. strait, narrows, firth, kyle
  2. the narrow part of anything

Derived terms

Descendants
  • → English: kyle

Mutation
Scottish Gaelic mutation
Radical Lenition
caolchaol
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References
  1. Edward Dwelly (1911) “caol”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎, 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
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