caoin

Irish

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /kiːnʲ/

Etymology 1

From Old Irish caín.

Adjective

caoin (genitive singular masculine caoin, genitive singular feminine caoine, plural caoine, comparative caoine)

  1. smooth, delicate, polished
  2. kind, gentle, refined
Declension
Declension of caoin
Singular Plural (m/f)
Positive Masculine Feminine (strong noun) (weak noun)
Nominative caoin chaoin caoine;
chaoine²
Vocative chaoin caoine
Genitive caoine caoine caoin
Dative caoin;
chaoin¹		 chaoin caoine;
chaoine²
Comparative níos caoine
Superlative is caoine

¹ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
² When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

Etymology 2

From Middle Irish caín (“smooth finished side; especially the outer surface of a wall, etc.”), a substantivization of caín (“fine, beautiful”).

Noun

caoin f (genitive singular caoine)

  1. smooth surface
Declension
Declension of caoin

Second declension

Bare forms (no plural form of this noun)

Case Singular
Nominative caoin
Vocative a chaoin
Genitive caoine
Dative caoin

Forms with the definite article

Case Singular
Nominative an chaoin
Genitive na caoine
Dative leis an gcaoin

don chaoin

Etymology 3

From Middle Irish caínid, from Old Irish coínid, from Brythonic (compare Welsh cwyn (“lament”)).

Verb

caoin (present analytic caoineann, future analytic caoinfidh, verbal noun caoineadh, past participle caointe)

  1. (transitive, intransitive) keen, lament
  2. (transitive, intransitive) cry, weep
Conjugation
conjugation of caoin (first conjugation – A)
singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative present caoinim caoineann tú;
caoinir†		 caoineann sé, sí caoinimid caoineann sibh caoineann siad;
caoinid†		 a chaoineann; a chaoineas /
a gcaoineann*; a gcaoineas*		 caointear
past chaoin mé; chaoineas chaoin tú; chaoinis chaoin sé, sí chaoineamar; chaoin muid chaoin sibh; chaoineabhair chaoin siad; chaoineadar a chaoin /
ar chaoin*		 caoineadh
past habitual chaoininn / gcaoininn‡‡ chaointeá / gcaointeᇇ chaoineadh sé, sí / gcaoineadh sé, s퇇 chaoinimis; chaoineadh muid / gcaoinimis‡‡; gcaoineadh muid‡‡ chaoineadh sibh / gcaoineadh sibh‡‡ chaoinidís; chaoineadh siad / gcaoinidís‡‡; gcaoineadh siad‡‡ a chaoineadh /
a gcaoineadh*		 chaointí / gcaoint퇇
future caoinfidh mé;
caoinfead		 caoinfidh tú;
caoinfir†		 caoinfidh sé, sí caoinfimid;
caoinfidh muid		 caoinfidh sibh caoinfidh siad;
caoinfid†		 a chaoinfidh; a chaoinfeas /
a gcaoinfidh*; a gcaoinfeas*		 caoinfear
conditional chaoinfinn / gcaoinfinn‡‡ chaoinfeá / gcaoinfeᇇ chaoinfeadh sé, sí / gcaoinfeadh sé, s퇇 chaoinfimis; chaoinfeadh muid / gcaoinfimis‡‡; gcaoinfeadh muid‡‡ chaoinfeadh sibh / gcaoinfeadh sibh‡‡ chaoinfidís; chaoinfeadh siad / gcaoinfidís‡‡; gcaoinfeadh siad‡‡ a chaoinfeadh /
a gcaoinfeadh*		 chaoinfí / gcaoinf퇇
subjunctive present go gcaoine mé;
go gcaoinead†		 go gcaoine tú;
go gcaoinir†		 go gcaoine sé, sí go gcaoinimid;
go gcaoine muid		 go gcaoine sibh go gcaoine siad;
go gcaoinid†		 — go gcaointear
past dá gcaoininn dá gcaointeá dá gcaoineadh sé, sí dá gcaoinimis;
dá gcaoineadh muid		 dá gcaoineadh sibh dá gcaoinidís;
dá gcaoineadh siad		 — dá gcaointí
imperative caoinim caoin caoineadh sé, sí caoinimis caoinigí;
caoinidh†		 caoinidís — caointear
verbal noun caoineadh
past participle caointe

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Descendants
  • → English: keen

Mutation
Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
caoin chaoin gcaoin
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

Scottish Gaelic

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /kʰɯːɲ/

Etymology 1

From Middle Irish caínid, from Old Irish coínid, from Brythonic (compare Welsh cwyn (“lament”)).

Verb

caoin (past chaoin, future caoinidh, verbal noun caoineadh, past participle caointe)

  1. mourn, lament, grieve
    Synonym: caoidh
  2. cry, weep
    Synonym: guil

Etymology 2

From Middle Irish caín (“smooth finished side; especially the outer surface of a wall, etc.”), a substantivization of caín (“fine, beautiful”).

Noun

caoin f (genitive singular caoine, no plural)

  1. exterior, outer side (of garment)
    Antonym: ascaoin
Derived terms

Mutation
Scottish Gaelic mutation
Radical Lenition
caoinchaoin
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References
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