brifo

Welsh

Etymology

From briwo (“to wound, to bruise”),[1] from Proto-Celtic *bruseti. Cognate with Irish brúigh (“crush”) and Latin frūstum (“piece, bit”).[2]

Pronunciation

Verb

brifo (first-person singular present brifaf)

  1. to injure, to hurt
    Synonyms: anafu, niweidio
    Dw i wedi brifo fy mhen i.
    I've hurt my head.

Conjugation
Conjugation (literary)
singular plural impersonal
first second third first second third
present indicative/future brifaf brifi brifa brifwn brifwch brifant brifir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/
conditional		 brifwn brifit brifai brifem brifech brifent brifid
preterite brifais brifaist brifodd brifasom brifasoch brifasant brifwyd
pluperfect brifaswn brifasit brifasai brifasem brifasech brifasent brifasid, brifesid
present subjunctive brifwyf brifych brifo brifom brifoch brifont brifer
imperative — brifa brifed brifwn brifwch brifent brifer
verbal noun brifo
verbal adjectives brifedig
brifadwy
Conjugation (colloquial)
Inflected colloquial forms singular plural
first second third first second third
future brifa i, brifaf i brifi di brifith o/e/hi, brififf e/hi brifwn ni brifwch chi brifan nhw
conditional brifwn i, brifswn i brifet ti, brifset ti brifai fo/fe/hi, brifsai fo/fe/hi brifen ni, brifsen ni brifech chi, brifsech chi brifen nhw, brifsen nhw
preterite brifais i, brifes i brifaist ti, brifest ti brifodd o/e/hi brifon ni brifoch chi brifon nhw
imperative — brifa — — brifwch —
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Mutation
Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal aspirate
brifo frifo mrifo unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References
  1. R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “brifo”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
  2. R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “briw”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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