brīvs

Latvian

Etymology

A borrowing from Middle Dutch or Middle Low German vri, vrie (compare German frei, Dutch vrij), from Proto-Germanic *frija- (free, not a slave). The sequence fr was changed to Latvian br. First mentioned in 17th-century dictionaries, brīvs was originally used in the context of German political and administrative power, and referred to more specific German legal concepts (a certain privilege or right, etc.). All other senses were rendered, still in the 18th century, with other words, like svabads (free), svabadība (freedom), vaļa (free(dom)).[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [brīːws]
(file)

Adjective

brīvs (definite brīvais, comparative brīvāks, superlative visbrīvākais, adverb brīvi)

  1. free (politically, socially, economically or juridically independent)
    brīvs cilvēks, pilsonisfree person, citizen
    brīva valsts, tautafree country, people
    dzīvot brīvā zemēto live in a free land
    brīva dzīvefree life
  2. free (not in prison or captivity)
    bet vai es biju cietumā? ne, es biju brīvs!but was I in prison? no, I was free!
  3. free (of, from) (having no obligations or duties, no worries)
    brīvs kā putns kokāfree as a bird on a tree (i.e., carefree)
    brīvs no aizspriedumiemfree of prejudice, bias
    viņa vēlējās būt brīva no jebkādām raizēmshe wanted to be free of all worries
    viņa beidzot patiesi bija jutusies brīva no daudzām drūmām domāmshe finally felt truly free from many gloomy thoughts
  4. free (not restrained, not regulated, without hindrance, without constraints)
    brīva prese, māksla, izvēlefree press, art, choice
    brīvas vēlēšanasfree elections
    brīva tirdzniecībafree trade
    brīvā tirgus saimniecībafree market economy
    brīvā konkurencefree competition
    brīva fantāzijafree fantasy, imagination
    brīvs kritiensfree fall
    brīvs tulkojumsfree (i.e., not literal) translation
    brīva dzejafree verse (i.e., without metric and rhyme)
  5. loose, comfortable
    pilnīgiem cilvēkiem apģērbs jāgatavo brīvsclothes for full (i.e., overweight) people must be made loose (lit. free)
  6. free (loose, untied)
    brīvais virves galsthe free, loose end of the rope
    šīs rokas bija brīvas, nu važās kaltasthese hands were free, now they are in chains
  7. free, unconstrained, natural
    brīvas kustībasfree movements
    mākslinieces dejojuma rotaļīgums un grācija, viņas brīvā, nepiespiestā izturēšanāsthe dance artist's playfulness and grace, her free, relaxed demeanor
  8. free (which does not need to be paid for)
    brīvs uztursfree food, eating
    par brīvufor free (without pay)
    slidotavā ieeja būs brīvain the skating rink entrance will be free
  9. (of time or space) free, vacant, empty, unoccupied, not in use
    brīva vieta vagonāfree place in the train car
    brīvs laukumsfree space
    brīvs krēslsfree chair
    vai šī vieta ir brīva?is this place free?
    brīva pēcpusdienafree afternoon
    brīvs laiksfree time
    būšu brīvs pēc pusstundasI will be free in half an hour
    nav neviena brīva brīžathere is no free moment
  10. (of work positions) free, vacant
    rūpnīcā bija brīva inženiera vietain the factory there is a free position for an engineer
  11. free (currently not in use, not busy, available)
    brīvi līdzekļifree resources, means
    brīva naudafree money
  12. (chemistry) free (not chemically combined with other substances)
    brīvs ūdeņradis, skābeklisfree hydrogen, oxygen
    brīva forforskābefree phosphoric acid

Declension

Synonyms

Antonyms

  • (antonym(s) of of "loose"): ciešs

Derived terms

References

  1. Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “brīvs”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
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