belfern
German
Alternative forms
- belfzen (since the 16th century)
- belfen (since the 18th century)
Etymology
Unknown. Probably from bellen (“to bark”) with the iterative suffix + -ern. The -f- is explainable either as a phonetic intensification, onomatopoeia, or by influence of other dog-related sound vocabulary (Middle High German baffen, German kläffen); compare also the pair gellen and gelfern, gelfen. Attested since the first half of the 16th century (earliest attestation given below).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbɛlfɐn/
Audio (file) - Hyphenation: bel‧fern
Verb
belfern (weak, third-person singular present belfert, past tense belferte, past participle gebelfert, auxiliary haben)
- (dated, colloquial, also figuratively) to bark
- Synonym: bellen
- 1949, Rudolf Baumgardt, Fernando Magallan: die Geschichte der ersten Weltumseglung, B. Funck, →OCLC, page 237:
- Von den Karavellen lodern bengalische Fontänen, die Kanonen belfern, der grelle Blitz aus den Schlünden bohrt blutige Bahnen in die Schatten der seltsamen, sinnlichen Nacht.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Conjugation
infinitive | belfern | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | belfernd | ||||
past participle | gebelfert | ||||
auxiliary | haben | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich belfre ich belfere ich belfer |
wir belfern | i | ich belfere ich belfre |
wir belfern |
du belferst | ihr belfert | du belferest du belfrest |
ihr belferet ihr belfret | ||
er belfert | sie belfern | er belfere er belfre |
sie belfern | ||
preterite | ich belferte | wir belferten | ii | ich belferte1 | wir belferten1 |
du belfertest | ihr belfertet | du belfertest1 | ihr belfertet1 | ||
er belferte | sie belferten | er belferte1 | sie belferten1 | ||
imperative | belfre (du) belfer (du) belfere (du) |
belfert (ihr) |
1Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
Further reading
- “belfern” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
- “belfern” in Deutsches Wörterbuch von Jacob und Wilhelm Grimm, 16 vols., Leipzig 1854–1961.
- “belfern” in Duden online
- https://fwb-online.de/lemma/belfern.s.3v
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