abâtardir
French
Etymology
a- + bâtard (“bastard”) + -ir, originally "to bastardize, to make to lose racial characteristics"
Pronunciation
Audio (file)
Verb
abâtardir
- to cause something's qualities or defining characteristics to degenerate; to defile or degrade; to bastardize
- 1580, Michel de Montaigne, Essays, Book I, CHapter 26 (modernized spelling), translated by Charles Cotton:
- Ôtez moy la violence et la force; il n’est rien, à mon avis, qui abâtardisse et étourdisse si fort une nature bien née.
- Away with this violence! away with this compulsion! than which, I certainly believe nothing more dulls and degenerates a well-descended nature.
- 2005, Lloyd Bradley, Bass culture: quand le reggae était roi, translated by Manuel Rabasse, Allia, p. 366,
- Tandis qu’il adaptait l’équipement, ajoutait—et abâtardissait—de nouveaux systèmes périphériques et bricolait les circuits pratiquement de jour en jour.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 1580, Michel de Montaigne, Essays, Book I, CHapter 26 (modernized spelling), translated by Charles Cotton:
- (takes a reflexive pronoun) to degrade; to degenerate; to become bastardized
- 1840, Louis René Villermé, Tableau de l'état physique et moral des ouvriers employés dans les manufactures de coton, de laine et de soie, page 407:
- On vous a dit que c’était dans les filatures que la race s’abâtardissait.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 1995, Léon Dion, "Propos désabusés d'un fédéraliste fatigué," in C.E.S. Franks & John Meisel (eds.), Canada's century : governance in a maturing society : essays in honour of John Meisel, McGill-Queen's University Press, p. 95,
- D’où cette conscience tragique chez nos écrivains et l’intelligentsia en général que le français est ici menacé et qu’il s’abâtardit parmi la population.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Usage notes
- The verb is most frequently used in its participial or pronominal forms, and now rarely in its transitive form.
- Very commonly used to refer to language or culture.
Conjugation
This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.
Conjugation of abâtardir (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive | simple | abâtardir | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | abâtardissant /a.ba.taʁ.di.sɑ̃/ or /a.bɑ.taʁ.di.sɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | abâtardi /a.ba.taʁ.di/ or /a.bɑ.taʁ.di/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | abâtardis /a.ba.taʁ.di/ or /a.bɑ.taʁ.di/ |
abâtardis /a.ba.taʁ.di/ or /a.bɑ.taʁ.di/ |
abâtardit /a.ba.taʁ.di/ or /a.bɑ.taʁ.di/ |
abâtardissons /a.ba.taʁ.di.sɔ̃/ or /a.bɑ.taʁ.di.sɔ̃/ |
abâtardissez /a.ba.taʁ.di.se/ or /a.bɑ.taʁ.di.se/ |
abâtardissent /a.ba.taʁ.dis/ or /a.bɑ.taʁ.dis/ |
imperfect | abâtardissais /a.ba.taʁ.di.sɛ/ or /a.bɑ.taʁ.di.sɛ/ |
abâtardissais /a.ba.taʁ.di.sɛ/ or /a.bɑ.taʁ.di.sɛ/ |
abâtardissait /a.ba.taʁ.di.sɛ/ or /a.bɑ.taʁ.di.sɛ/ |
abâtardissions /a.ba.taʁ.di.sjɔ̃/ or /a.bɑ.taʁ.di.sjɔ̃/ |
abâtardissiez /a.ba.taʁ.di.sje/ or /a.bɑ.taʁ.di.sje/ |
abâtardissaient /a.ba.taʁ.di.sɛ/ or /a.bɑ.taʁ.di.sɛ/ | |
past historic2 | abâtardis /a.ba.taʁ.di/ or /a.bɑ.taʁ.di/ |
abâtardis /a.ba.taʁ.di/ or /a.bɑ.taʁ.di/ |
abâtardit /a.ba.taʁ.di/ or /a.bɑ.taʁ.di/ |
abâtardîmes /a.ba.taʁ.dim/ or /a.bɑ.taʁ.dim/ |
abâtardîtes /a.ba.taʁ.dit/ or /a.bɑ.taʁ.dit/ |
abâtardirent /a.ba.taʁ.diʁ/ or /a.bɑ.taʁ.diʁ/ | |
future | abâtardirai /a.ba.taʁ.di.ʁe/ or /a.bɑ.taʁ.di.ʁe/ |
abâtardiras /a.ba.taʁ.di.ʁa/ or /a.bɑ.taʁ.di.ʁa/ |
abâtardira /a.ba.taʁ.di.ʁa/ or /a.bɑ.taʁ.di.ʁa/ |
abâtardirons /a.ba.taʁ.di.ʁɔ̃/ or /a.bɑ.taʁ.di.ʁɔ̃/ |
abâtardirez /a.ba.taʁ.di.ʁe/ or /a.bɑ.taʁ.di.ʁe/ |
abâtardiront /a.ba.taʁ.di.ʁɔ̃/ or /a.bɑ.taʁ.di.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | abâtardirais /a.ba.taʁ.di.ʁɛ/ or /a.bɑ.taʁ.di.ʁɛ/ |
abâtardirais /a.ba.taʁ.di.ʁɛ/ or /a.bɑ.taʁ.di.ʁɛ/ |
abâtardirait /a.ba.taʁ.di.ʁɛ/ or /a.bɑ.taʁ.di.ʁɛ/ |
abâtardirions /a.ba.taʁ.di.ʁjɔ̃/ or /a.bɑ.taʁ.di.ʁjɔ̃/ |
abâtardiriez /a.ba.taʁ.di.ʁje/ or /a.bɑ.taʁ.di.ʁje/ |
abâtardiraient /a.ba.taʁ.di.ʁɛ/ or /a.bɑ.taʁ.di.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | abâtardisse /a.ba.taʁ.dis/ or /a.bɑ.taʁ.dis/ |
abâtardisses /a.ba.taʁ.dis/ or /a.bɑ.taʁ.dis/ |
abâtardisse /a.ba.taʁ.dis/ or /a.bɑ.taʁ.dis/ |
abâtardissions /a.ba.taʁ.di.sjɔ̃/ or /a.bɑ.taʁ.di.sjɔ̃/ |
abâtardissiez /a.ba.taʁ.di.sje/ or /a.bɑ.taʁ.di.sje/ |
abâtardissent /a.ba.taʁ.dis/ or /a.bɑ.taʁ.dis/ |
imperfect2 | abâtardisse /a.ba.taʁ.dis/ or /a.bɑ.taʁ.dis/ |
abâtardisses /a.ba.taʁ.dis/ or /a.bɑ.taʁ.dis/ |
abâtardît /a.ba.taʁ.di/ or /a.bɑ.taʁ.di/ |
abâtardissions /a.ba.taʁ.di.sjɔ̃/ or /a.bɑ.taʁ.di.sjɔ̃/ |
abâtardissiez /a.ba.taʁ.di.sje/ or /a.bɑ.taʁ.di.sje/ |
abâtardissent /a.ba.taʁ.dis/ or /a.bɑ.taʁ.dis/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | abâtardis /a.ba.taʁ.di/ or /a.bɑ.taʁ.di/ |
— | abâtardissons /a.ba.taʁ.di.sɔ̃/ or /a.bɑ.taʁ.di.sɔ̃/ |
abâtardissez /a.ba.taʁ.di.se/ or /a.bɑ.taʁ.di.se/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.
Conjugation of s'abâtardir (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive | simple | s'abâtardir | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | s'être + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | s’abâtardissant /sa.ba.taʁ.di.sɑ̃/ or /sa.bɑ.taʁ.di.sɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant or étant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | abâtardi /a.ba.taʁ.di/ or /a.bɑ.taʁ.di/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | m’abâtardis /ma.ba.taʁ.di/ or /ma.bɑ.taʁ.di/ |
t’abâtardis /ta.ba.taʁ.di/ or /ta.bɑ.taʁ.di/ |
s’abâtardit /sa.ba.taʁ.di/ or /sa.bɑ.taʁ.di/ |
nous abâtardissons /nu.z‿a.ba.taʁ.di.sɔ̃/ or /nu.z‿a.bɑ.taʁ.di.sɔ̃/ |
vous abâtardissez /vu.z‿a.ba.taʁ.di.se/ or /vu.z‿a.bɑ.taʁ.di.se/ |
s’abâtardissent /sa.ba.taʁ.dis/ or /sa.bɑ.taʁ.dis/ |
imperfect | m’abâtardissais /ma.ba.taʁ.di.sɛ/ or /ma.bɑ.taʁ.di.sɛ/ |
t’abâtardissais /ta.ba.taʁ.di.sɛ/ or /ta.bɑ.taʁ.di.sɛ/ |
s’abâtardissait /sa.ba.taʁ.di.sɛ/ or /sa.bɑ.taʁ.di.sɛ/ |
nous abâtardissions /nu.z‿a.ba.taʁ.di.sjɔ̃/ or /nu.z‿a.bɑ.taʁ.di.sjɔ̃/ |
vous abâtardissiez /vu.z‿a.ba.taʁ.di.sje/ or /vu.z‿a.bɑ.taʁ.di.sje/ |
s’abâtardissaient /sa.ba.taʁ.di.sɛ/ or /sa.bɑ.taʁ.di.sɛ/ | |
past historic2 | m’abâtardis /ma.ba.taʁ.di/ or /ma.bɑ.taʁ.di/ |
t’abâtardis /ta.ba.taʁ.di/ or /ta.bɑ.taʁ.di/ |
s’abâtardit /sa.ba.taʁ.di/ or /sa.bɑ.taʁ.di/ |
nous abâtardîmes /nu.z‿a.ba.taʁ.dim/ or /nu.z‿a.bɑ.taʁ.dim/ |
vous abâtardîtes /vu.z‿a.ba.taʁ.dit/ or /vu.z‿a.bɑ.taʁ.dit/ |
s’abâtardirent /sa.ba.taʁ.diʁ/ or /sa.bɑ.taʁ.diʁ/ | |
future | m’abâtardirai /ma.ba.taʁ.di.ʁe/ or /ma.bɑ.taʁ.di.ʁe/ |
t’abâtardiras /ta.ba.taʁ.di.ʁa/ or /ta.bɑ.taʁ.di.ʁa/ |
s’abâtardira /sa.ba.taʁ.di.ʁa/ or /sa.bɑ.taʁ.di.ʁa/ |
nous abâtardirons /nu.z‿a.ba.taʁ.di.ʁɔ̃/ or /nu.z‿a.bɑ.taʁ.di.ʁɔ̃/ |
vous abâtardirez /vu.z‿a.ba.taʁ.di.ʁe/ or /vu.z‿a.bɑ.taʁ.di.ʁe/ |
s’abâtardiront /sa.ba.taʁ.di.ʁɔ̃/ or /sa.bɑ.taʁ.di.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | m’abâtardirais /ma.ba.taʁ.di.ʁɛ/ or /ma.bɑ.taʁ.di.ʁɛ/ |
t’abâtardirais /ta.ba.taʁ.di.ʁɛ/ or /ta.bɑ.taʁ.di.ʁɛ/ |
s’abâtardirait /sa.ba.taʁ.di.ʁɛ/ or /sa.bɑ.taʁ.di.ʁɛ/ |
nous abâtardirions /nu.z‿a.ba.taʁ.di.ʁjɔ̃/ or /nu.z‿a.bɑ.taʁ.di.ʁjɔ̃/ |
vous abâtardiriez /vu.z‿a.ba.taʁ.di.ʁje/ or /vu.z‿a.bɑ.taʁ.di.ʁje/ |
s’abâtardiraient /sa.ba.taʁ.di.ʁɛ/ or /sa.bɑ.taʁ.di.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of s'être + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of s'être + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of s'être + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of s'être + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of s'être + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | m’abâtardisse /ma.ba.taʁ.dis/ or /ma.bɑ.taʁ.dis/ |
t’abâtardisses /ta.ba.taʁ.dis/ or /ta.bɑ.taʁ.dis/ |
s’abâtardisse /sa.ba.taʁ.dis/ or /sa.bɑ.taʁ.dis/ |
nous abâtardissions /nu.z‿a.ba.taʁ.di.sjɔ̃/ or /nu.z‿a.bɑ.taʁ.di.sjɔ̃/ |
vous abâtardissiez /vu.z‿a.ba.taʁ.di.sje/ or /vu.z‿a.bɑ.taʁ.di.sje/ |
s’abâtardissent /sa.ba.taʁ.dis/ or /sa.bɑ.taʁ.dis/ |
imperfect2 | m’abâtardisse /ma.ba.taʁ.dis/ or /ma.bɑ.taʁ.dis/ |
t’abâtardisses /ta.ba.taʁ.dis/ or /ta.bɑ.taʁ.dis/ |
s’abâtardît /sa.ba.taʁ.di/ or /sa.bɑ.taʁ.di/ |
nous abâtardissions /nu.z‿a.ba.taʁ.di.sjɔ̃/ or /nu.z‿a.bɑ.taʁ.di.sjɔ̃/ |
vous abâtardissiez /vu.z‿a.ba.taʁ.di.sje/ or /vu.z‿a.bɑ.taʁ.di.sje/ |
s’abâtardissent /sa.ba.taʁ.dis/ or /sa.bɑ.taʁ.dis/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of s'être + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of s'être + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | abâtardis-toi /a.ba.taʁ.di.twa/ or /a.bɑ.taʁ.di.twa/ |
— | abâtardissons-nous /a.ba.taʁ.di.sɔ̃.nu/ or /a.bɑ.taʁ.di.sɔ̃.nu/ |
abâtardissez-vous /a.ba.taʁ.di.se.vu/ or /a.bɑ.taʁ.di.se.vu/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of s'être + past participle | — | simple imperative of s'être + past participle | simple imperative of s'être + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Derived terms
Further reading
- “abâtardir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
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