aššatum

Akkadian

Etymology

From Proto-Semitic *ʔanθ-at-. Cognate with Ugaritic 𐎀𐎘𐎚 (ảṯt /⁠ʔaṯṯatu⁠/), Aramaic אִנְתְּתָא (ʾintəṯā), אִיתְּתָא (ʾittəṯā), Biblical Hebrew אִשָּׁה (ʔiššɔ́) and Arabic أُنْثَى (ʔunṯā).

Pronunciation

Noun

aššatum f (construct state aššat, plural aššātum) (from Old Akkadian on)

  1. wife
    𒁮 𒀀𒄩𒍪𒌝 [aššatam aḫāzum] ― DAM a-ḫa-zu-um ― to get married (literally, “to take a wife”)
    𒁮 𒂊𒍣𒂊𒁍𒌝 [aššatam ezēbum] ― DAM e-ze-e-bu-um ― to get divorced (literally, “to leave a wife”)
    • 1755–1750 BCE, King Hammurabi of Babylon, translated by OMNIKA Foundation, Hammurabi Code‎, The Louvre, Law 128:
      𒋳𒈠 𒀀𒉿𒈝 𒀸𒊭𒌓 𒄿𒄷𒊻𒈠 𒊑𒅅𒊓𒋾𒊭 𒆷 𒅖𒆪𒌦 𒊩 𒅆𒄿 𒌑𒌌 𒀸𒊭𒀜
      [šumma awīlum aššatam īḫuz-ma riksātīša lā iškun sinništum šī ul aššat]
      šum-ma a-wi-lum aš-ša-tam i-ḫu-uz-ma ri-ik-sa-ti-ša la iš-ku-un MUNUS ši-i u₂-ul aš-ša-at
      If a free man took a wife but did not conclude her contracts, that woman is not a wife.

Alternative forms
Cuneiform spellings
Logograms Phonetic
  • 𒁮 (DAM)
  • 𒊩 (SAL) (rarely in Old Akkadian and Old Babylonian)
  • 𒊩𒁮 (SAL.DAM) (Mari, Alalakh)
  • 𒀾𒃻𒌈 (aš₂-ša₂-tum)
  • 𒀾𒃻𒌓 (aš₂-ša₂-tu₂)
  • 𒀾𒊭𒌅 (aš₂-ša-tu)
  • 𒀀𒊭𒁮 (a-ša-tam₂) (accusative)
  • 𒀸𒊭𒋫 (aš-ša-ta) (accusative)
  • 𒀸𒊭𒁴 (aš-ša-tim) (genitive)
  • 𒀸𒊭𒀀𒌈 (aš-ša-a-tum) (plural)

Derived terms
  • aššūtum (“marriage”)

References
  • “aššatu”, in The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago (CAD)‎, Chicago: University of Chicago Oriental Institute, 1956–2011
  • Black, Jeremy, George, Andrew, Postgate, Nicholas (2000) “aššatu(m)”, in A Concise Dictionary of Akkadian, 2nd corrected edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz Verlag
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