Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/saiwalu

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *saiwalō.

Noun

*saiwalu f[1]

soul

Inflection

ō-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*saiwalu
Genitive	*saiwalā
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*saiwalu	*saiwalō
Accusative	*saiwalā	*saiwalā
Genitive	*saiwalā	*saiwalō
Dative	*saiwalē	saiwalōm, saiwalum
Instrumental	*saiwalu	saiwalōm, saiwalum

Derived terms

*saiwalōn

Descendants

Old English: sāwol, sāwel, sāwal, sāul, sawl, sōwhul, sawul
- Middle English: soule, saul, saule, souel, soul, soull, soulle, sowel, sowele, sowle, sowll, sowyl; sauele, sawlæ, sawle, sæule; sauel, saull, saulle, sawel, sawele, sawell, sawil, sawle; zaule
  - English: soul (see there for further descendants)
  - Scots: saul
- → Old Norse: sála, sál
  - Icelandic: sál
  - Faroese: sál
  - Norwegian Nynorsk: sål
  - Old Gutnish: selu
Old Frisian: sēla
- North Frisian: siel, sial
- Saterland Frisian: Seele
- West Frisian: siel
Old Saxon: sēola
- Middle Low German: sêle
  - Low German:
    - German Low German: Seel
    - Westphalian:
      Sauerländisch: Siäle, Säile, Saile, Sǟle
      Westmünsterländisch: Seele, Sääle
  - Plautdietsch: Seel
- → Old Norse:
  - Norwegian: sjel
  - Old Swedish: siæl, sial
    - Swedish: själ
  - Danish: sjæl
Old Dutch: sēla
- Middle Dutch: siele
  - Dutch: ziel
    - Afrikaans: siel
  - Limburgish: zeel
Old High German: sēla
- Middle High German: sēle
  - Alemannic German: Seel
  - Central Franconian: Siel
  - German: Seele
  - Luxembourgish: Séil
  - Vilamovian: zejł

References

Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 330: “PWGmc *saiwalu”

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[1] Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 330: “PWGmc *saiwalu”