< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/rūnōn

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Alternative reconstructions

Etymology

From *rūnu (secret, mystery) + *-ōn.

Verb

*rūnōn

  1. to whisper, round

Inflection

Class 2 weak
Infinitive *rūnōn
1st sg. past *rūnōdā
Infinitive *rūnōn
Genitive infin. *rūnōnijas
Dative infin. *rūnōnijē
Instrum. infin. *rūnōniju
Indicative Present Past
1st singular *rūnō *rūnōdā
2nd singular *rūnōs *rūnōdēs, *rūnōdōs
3rd singular *rūnōþ *rūnōdē, *rūnōdā
1st plural *rūnōm *rūnōdum
2nd plural *rūnōþ *rūnōdud
3rd plural *rūnōnþ *rūnōdun
Subjunctive Present Past
1st singular *rūnō *rūnōdī
2nd singular *rūnōs *rūnōdī
3rd singular *rūnō *rūnōdī
1st plural *rūnōm *rūnōdīm
2nd plural *rūnōþ *rūnōdīd
3rd plural *rūnōn *rūnōdīn
Imperative Present
Singular *rūnō
Plural *rūnōþ
Present Past
Participle *rūnōndī *rūnōd

Descendants

  • Old English: rūnian
    • Middle English: rounen, rownen
  • Old Frisian: *rūnia
    • Saterland Frisian: ruunje
    • West Frisian: rúnje
  • Old Saxon: rūnōn, rūnoian, rūnian
  • Old Dutch: *rūnōn
    • Middle Dutch: rûnen, ruynen, roenen
      • Dutch: ruinen
        • West Frisian: reaunje, reauntsje
  • Old High German: rūnōn
  • Old French: runer
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