Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/obanā

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *ubanē. Equivalent to *ob (“under”) +‎ *-anā (ablative adverb suffix).

Adverb

*obanā

ablative of *ob (“under”): from above

Derived terms

*biobanā

Usage notes

Because of the irregular forms between some of the directional adverbs and preposition, *ob- and *upp-, some of the daughter languages show leveling.[1]

Descendants

Old English: ufan, ufane
- Middle English: uven
Old Frisian: ova, with -pp- uppa, oppa (also uppe, oppe, but these might be from *uppai instead)
Old Saxon: ovan, ovana, with -pp- uppan
Old Dutch: uppan (with -pp-)
Old High German: obana, ūfana, *ovana
- Middle High German: oben, obene, *oven
  - Alemannic German: obe
    - Swabian: oba
  - Bavarian: obn, om, oum, uom
  - German: oben
  - Luxembourgish: uewen
  - Central Franconian:
    - Hunsrik: owe
  - Rhine Franconian: owen, owe, uwe
    - Pennsylvania German: owwe
  - Vilamovian: uwa
  - Yiddish: אויבן (oybn)

References

Kroonen, Guus (2011) The Proto-Germanic n-stems: A study in diachronic morphophonology, Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN

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[1] Kroonen, Guus (2011) The Proto-Germanic n-stems: A study in diachronic morphophonology, Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN