< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/laiþ

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *laiþaz.

Adjective

*laiþ[1]

  1. loathsome, detestable, hated
  2. hostile, hateful

Inflection
a-stem
Singular Masculine
Nominative *laiþ
Genitive *laiþas
Singular Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative *laiþ *laiþu *laiþ
Accusative *laiþanā *laiþā *laiþ
Genitive *laiþas *laiþeʀā *laiþas
Dative *laiþumē *laiþeʀē *laiþumē
Instrumental *laiþu *laiþeʀu *laiþu
Plural Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative *laiþē *laiþō *laiþu
Accusative *laiþā *laiþā *laiþu
Genitive *laiþeʀō *laiþeʀō *laiþeʀō
Dative *laiþēm, *laiþum *laiþēm, *laiþum *laiþēm, *laiþum
Instrumental *laiþēm, *laiþum *laiþēm, *laiþum *laiþēm, *laiþum

Derived terms

Descendants
  • Old English: lāþ
    • Middle English: lath, loth, lothe
  • Old Frisian: lēth
  • Old Saxon: lēth
    • Middle Low German: lêt, leit
      • Low German:
        • Westphalian:
          Münsterländisch: leed
          Westmünsterländisch: leed
  • Old Dutch: lēth
  • Old High German: leid
  • → Vulgar Latin: *laidum (see there for further descendants)

References
  1. Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 129: “PWGmc *laiþ”
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