< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/lōkōn
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This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-West Germanic
Etymology
Unknown. According to an older hypothesis, perhaps related to Breton lagad (“eye, look”), Welsh llygad (“eye”), Cornish lagas (“eye”), implying a Proto-Indo-European root *lewg- (“to look; eye”). However, this Celtic set is more commonly derived from *lewk- (“to shine”),[1][2][3][4] which could not have produced the Germanic term. Instead, modern authors compare Doric Greek λωγάω (lōgáō, “to pick up; to tell”) and Proto-Tocharian *läk- (“to see”), from Proto-Indo-European *leǵ- (“to gather”) with a semantic shift paralleled also in Latin legō.[5][6]
Inflection
| Class 2 weak | ||
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | *lōkōn | |
| 1st sg. past | *lōkōdā | |
| Infinitive | *lōkōn | |
| Genitive infin. | *lōkōnijas | |
| Dative infin. | *lōkōnijē | |
| Instrum. infin. | *lōkōniju | |
| Indicative | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *lōkō | *lōkōdā |
| 2nd singular | *lōkōs | *lōkōdēs, *lōkōdōs |
| 3rd singular | *lōkōþ | *lōkōdē, *lōkōdā |
| 1st plural | *lōkōm | *lōkōdum |
| 2nd plural | *lōkōþ | *lōkōdud |
| 3rd plural | *lōkōnþ | *lōkōdun |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *lōkō | *lōkōdī |
| 2nd singular | *lōkōs | *lōkōdī |
| 3rd singular | *lōkō | *lōkōdī |
| 1st plural | *lōkōm | *lōkōdīm |
| 2nd plural | *lōkōþ | *lōkōdīd |
| 3rd plural | *lōkōn | *lōkōdīn |
| Imperative | Present | |
| Singular | *lōkō | |
| Plural | *lōkōþ | |
| Present | Past | |
| Participle | *lōkōndī | *lōkōd |
Related terms
Descendants
- Old English: lōcian
- Old Frisian: *lōkia
- West Frisian: lôkje, loaitsje (archaic)
- Old Saxon: lōkon, lōcōn, luokoian
- Middle Low German: *lö̂ken
- Low German: löken
- Middle Low German: *lö̂ken
- Old Dutch: *lōkon
- Middle Dutch: loeken
- Dutch: loeken
- → Old French: luquier, luquer
- Middle French: luquier
- Norman: luquer, louquer
- ⇒ French: reluquer
- ⇒ Old French: torlouc
- Middle French: tourlouc
- ⇒ Anglo-Norman: torleous
- ⇒ Old French: alukier
- ⇒ Old French: warloker, warlousquier
- ⇒ Old French: warloucque
- Middle French: warloucque
- ⇒ Old French: warlousketer
- ⇒ Old French: warloucque
- Middle French: luquier
- → Walloon: louki
- → Occitan: lucaire
- ⇒ Occitan: alucaire
- Middle Dutch: loeken
References
- Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*lowko-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 245-246
- Falileyev, Alexander (2000) “licat”, in Etymological Glossary of Old Welsh (Buchreihe der Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie; 18), Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 103
- Koch, John (2004) “*lukato-”, in English–Proto-Celtic Word-list with attested comparanda, University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies, page 112
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “llygad”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
- Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*lōkōjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 249
- Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “läk-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 596–597: “In West Germanic we have Old English lōcian, Old Saxon lōcōn ‘look,’ in origin an iterative-intensive of this root (PIE *lōĝehₐye/o-), exactly matched morphologically by (Doric) Greek lōgáō (in turn semantically equivalent of légō).”
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