< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/klainī
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This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-West Germanic
Etymology
Unknown;[1] usually suggested to be related to *klenan (“to stick; to smear”) and *klaij (“clay”),[2] through an intermediate meaning of either “shining”[3] or “finely smeared, plastered”,[4] however this is disputed. Alternatively proposed to be a substrate borrowing, perhaps merged from two separate terms meaning “clean” and “small”, respectively.[5]
Inflection
| ja-stem | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Masculine | ||
| Nominative | *klainī | ||
| Genitive | *klainijas | ||
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *klainī | *klainiju | *klainī |
| Accusative | *klainijanā | *klainijā | *klainī |
| Genitive | *klainijas | *klainijeʀā | *klainijas |
| Dative | *klainijumē | *klainijeʀē | *klainijumē |
| Instrumental | *klainiju | *klainijeʀu | *klainiju |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *klainijē | *klainijō | *klainiju |
| Accusative | *klainijā | *klainijā | *klainiju |
| Genitive | *klainijeʀō | *klainijeʀō | *klainijeʀō |
| Dative | *klainijēm, *klainijum | *klainijēm, *klainijum | *klainijēm, *klainijum |
| Instrumental | *klainijēm, *klainijum | *klainijēm, *klainijum | *klainijēm, *klainijum |
Descendants
- Old English: clǣne, clēne, clāne (“clean, pure”)
- Old Frisian: klēne (“small”)
- Old Saxon: klēni (“delicate, fine”)
- Old Dutch: cleini (“small, fine”)
- Old High German: kleini (“fine, small; clean”)
References
- Friedrich Kluge (1989) “klein”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the German Language] (in German), 22nd edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 376: “wg. *klaini-”
- Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*klainiz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 214–215
- Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*klainja-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 290
- Heidermanns, Frank (1993) “klaini*-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen Primäradjektive (Studia linguistica Germanica; 33) (in German), Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, pages 332-333
- Boutkan, Dirk, Siebinga, Sjoerd (2005) “kiene”, in Old Frisian Etymological Dictionary (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 1), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 217-218
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