Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/happjā

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

Uncertain; possibly related to Ancient Greek κοπίς (kopís, “cleaver”), Lithuanian kàpti (“to chop”), Proto-Slavic *kopati (“dig, till”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kep- (“to cut, cleave”).

Noun

*happjā f

axe

Inflection

ōn-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*happjā
Genitive	*happjōn
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*happjā	*happjōn
Accusative	*happjōn	*happjōn
Genitive	*happjōn	*happjōnō
Dative	*happjōn	happjōm, happjum
Instrumental	*happjōn	happjōm, happjum

Descendants

Old Saxon: *heppia, *hepa
- Middle Low German: heppe, hēpe, heipe
Old Dutch: *hepa
- Middle Dutch: hēpe
  - Dutch: heep, (dialectal) hiep
Old High German: habba, hābba, happa, hebba, heppa
- Middle High German: happe, hepe, heppe
  - German: Hippe (“billhook”), (dialectal) Heppe
- → Old French: happe, hape
  - Middle French: happe, hape
    - French: happe (extant senses mostly derived from the related verb happer)
→ Vulgar Latin: *happia (see there for further descendants)

References

“Hippe” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “hâppia”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volumes 16: Germanismes: G–R, page 144

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