< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/fūlijan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *fūlijaną. Equivalent to *fūl (foul, dirty) + *-jan.

Verb

*fūlijan

  1. to befoul, make dirty

Inflection

Class 1 weak
Infinitive *fūlijan
1st sg. past *fūlidā
Infinitive *fūlijan
Genitive infin. *fūlijannjas
Dative infin. *fūlijannjē
Instrum. infin. *fūlijannju
Indicative Present Past
1st singular *fūliju *fūlidā
2nd singular *fūlisi *fūlidēs, *fūlidōs
3rd singular *fūliþi *fūlidē, *fūlidā
1st plural *fūlijum *fūlidum
2nd plural *fūliþ *fūlidud
3rd plural *fūlijanþ *fūlidun
Subjunctive Present Past
1st singular *fūlijē *fūlidī
2nd singular *fūlijēs *fūlidī
3rd singular *fūlijē *fūlidī
1st plural *fūlijēm *fūlidīm
2nd plural *fūlijēþ *fūlidīd
3rd plural *fūlijēn *fūlidīn
Imperative Present
Singular *fūli
Plural *fūliþ
Present Past
Participle *fūlijandī *fūlid

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Old English: fȳlan
    • Middle English: fulen, fuilen, filen
  • Old Saxon: fūlian
  • Old Dutch: *fūlen
    • Middle Dutch: vulen (merged with the descendant of *fūlēn)
      • Dutch: vuilen
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