Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/dumb

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *dumbaz.

Adjective

*dumb (comparative *dumbiʀō, superlative *dumbist)

dumb, mute
Synonym: *stumm

Inflection

a-stem
Singular	Masculine
Nominative	*dumb
Genitive	*dumbas
Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*dumb	*dumbu	*dumb
Accusative	*dumbanā	*dumbā	*dumb
Genitive	*dumbas	*dumbeʀā	*dumbas
Dative	*dumbumē	*dumbeʀē	*dumbumē
Instrumental	*dumbu	*dumbeʀu	*dumbu
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*dumbē	*dumbō	*dumbu
Accusative	*dumbā	*dumbā	*dumbu
Genitive	*dumbeʀō	*dumbeʀō	*dumbeʀō
Dative	dumbēm, dumbum	dumbēm, dumbum	dumbēm, dumbum
Instrumental	dumbēm, dumbum	dumbēm, dumbum	dumbēm, dumbum

Derived terms

*dumbēn

Descendants

Old English: dumb
- Middle English: dumb
  - Scots: dumb
  - English: dumb
Old Frisian: dumb
- North Frisian: dom, domme
- Saterland Frisian: dum
- West Frisian: dom
Old Saxon: dumb
- Middle Low German: dum
  - Low German: dumm
Old Dutch: dumb
- Middle Dutch: dom, dumb, domb, dum
  - Dutch: dom
    - Afrikaans: dom
    - Berbice Creole Dutch: dum
    - Negerhollands: dom, dum
    - → Sranan Tongo: don (see there for further descendants)
  - Limburgish: dómb
Old High German: tumb
- Middle High German: tump
  - German: dumm (Central German), tumb (Upper German, archaic)
  - Hunsrik: dumm
  - Luxembourgish: domm

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