Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/brōþer

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *brōþēr.

Noun

*brōþer m[1]

brother

Inflection

R-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*brōþer
Genitive	*brōþur
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*brōþer	*brōþar
Accusative	*brōþar	*brōþar
Genitive	*brōþur	*brōþrō
Dative	*brōþri	*brōþrum
Instrumental	*brōþri	*brōþrum

Descendants

Old English: brōþor, brōþer, brōþur, brōðer, brōður
- Middle English: brother
  - English: brother (see there for further descendants)
  - Scots: brither, bruther, broder, bruder
  - Yola: brover, brower
Old Frisian: brōther
- North Frisian:
  Amrum: bruder
  Föhr: bruler
  Northern Goesharder: (Hoolmer) broor, (Hoorninger) brår
  Southern Goesharder: brööðer
  Hallig: bröör
  Halunder: Bruur
  Mooring: brouder
  Sylt: Bröđer
- Saterland Frisian: Brúur, Brour
- West Frisian: broer
Old Saxon: brōthar
- Middle Low German: brôder, brûder
  - German Low German: Broder, Broor, Bröör
  - Plautdietsch: Brooda
Old Dutch: *bruothar
- Middle Dutch: broeder
  - Dutch: broeder, broer
    - Afrikaans: broeder, broer
  - Limburgish: broor
Old High German: bruoder
- Middle High German: bruoder
  - Alemannic German: Brüeder, Brueder
    Italian Walser: briöder, bruder, brueder, bröder
  - Bavarian:
    Cimbrian: pruudar, pruadar
    Mòcheno: pruader
    Northern Bavarian: [ˈb̥rou̯d̥ɐ], [ˈb̥rei̯d̥ɐ]
    Udinese: pruadar, prueder, pruider
  - Central Franconian: Broder, Bruder
    Hunsrik: Bruder
    Luxembourgish: Brudder
  - German: Bruder
  - Rhine Franconian: Bruder
    Frankfurterisch: [pʀuːd̥æ̆], [prɔurə]
    Pennsylvania German: Bruder
  - Vilamovian: brüder
  - Yiddish: ברודער (bruder)

References

Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 117: “*brōþer”

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[1] Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 117: “*brōþer”