< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-ward

Proto-West Germanic

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *-wardaz.

Suffix

*-ward

  1. -ward. Forms adverbs from nouns and adjectives denoting in the direction of, facing.

Inflection

a-stem
Singular Masculine
Nominative *-ward
Genitive *-wardas
Singular Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative *-ward *-wardu *-ward
Accusative *-wardanā *-wardā *-ward
Genitive *-wardas *-wardeʀā *-wardas
Dative *-wardumē *-wardeʀē *-wardumē
Instrumental *-wardu *-wardeʀu *-wardu
Plural Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative *-wardē *-wardō *-wardu
Accusative *-wardā *-wardā *-wardu
Genitive *-wardeʀō *-wardeʀō *-wardeʀō
Dative *-wardēm, *-wardum *-wardēm, *-wardum *-wardēm, *-wardum
Instrumental *-wardēm, *-wardum *-wardēm, *-wardum *-wardēm, *-wardum

Derived terms

Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-ward

Descendants

  • Old English: -weard
    • Middle English: -warde, -ward
  • Old Frisian: -ward, -werd
  • Old Saxon: -ward
  • Old Dutch: *-ward, *-werd
    • Middle Dutch: -wert, -weert, -waert
  • Old High German: -wart, -wert
    • Middle High German: -wert
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