Reconstruction:Proto-Uralic/neljä

This Proto-Uralic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Uralic

Reconstruction

Reconstructed in several sources as *ńeljä, but according to Honti (1993) and Aikio (2014), the initial palatal nasal is apparently a widespread secondary development, presumably due to the influence of the word-medial palatal glide *-j-. An original unpalatalized nasal is supported by Hungarian, Mari, and most Samic languages.

Numeral

**Proto-Uralic cardinal numbers**
< 3	4	5 >
Cardinal : *neljä

*neljä

four

Descendants

Ugric:
- Hungarian: négy
- Mansi:
  - Northern Mansi: нила (nila)
- Khanty:
  - Northern Khanty: њӑԓ (njăł)
  - Eastern Khanty: њәԓә (njəłə)
Proto-Permic: *ńöľ (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Mari: *nĭl (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Mordvinic: *ńiľə
- Erzya: ниле (ńiľe)
- Moksha: ниле (ńiľe)
Proto-Samic: *nealjē (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Finnic: *neljä (see there for further descendants)

References

Aikio, Ante. 2014. "On the reconstruction of Proto-Mari vocalism". In Journal of Language Relationship 11, pp. 125–157. Honti, László. 1993. Die Grundzahlwörter der uralischen Sprachen ('The Basic Numerals of the Uralic Languages'). Bibliotheca Uralica 11. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó. →ISBN

External links

Entry #620 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.

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