Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yạŕ-

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

This stem does not exist in Siberian Turkic languages, which use the Mongolic *jiru- (“to scratch, draw, write”) instead, likewise a borrowing from *yạŕ-. (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Verb

*yạŕ-

(transitive) to write
Synonym: *biti-

Descendants

Oghur:
- Chuvash: ҫыр (śyr)
- → Proto-Mordvinic:
  - Moksha: сёрма (śorma)
  - Erzya: сёрма (śorma)
- →? Hungarian: ír
Common Turkic: *yaz-

Arghu:
- Khalaj: yazmaq
Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish:
  - Azerbaijani: yazmaq
  - Ottoman Turkish: یازمق
    - Turkish: yazmak
- Turkmen: ýazmak
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: یازماق
  - Chagatai: یازماق
    - Uzbek: yozmoq
    - Uyghur: يازماق (yazmaq)
Kipchak:
- North Kipchak
  - Tatar: язу (yazu)
  - Bashkir: яҙыу (yaźıw)
- West Kipchak:
  - Karachay-Balkar: джазыу (cazıu)
  - Crimean Tatar: yazmaq
  - Kumyk: язмакъ (yazmaq)
- South Kipchak:
  - Kazakh: жазу (jazu)
  - Karakalpak: жазыў
  - Nogai: язув (yazuv)
- East Kipchak:
  - Kyrgyz: жазуу (jazuu)
  - Southern Altai: јас- (ǰas-, “to hit chain, to heal”)

References

Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 984
Róna-Tas, András, Berta, Árpád, Károly, László (2011) West Old Turkic: Turkic Loanwords in Hungarian (Turcologica; 84), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, pages 459-464
Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 193
Sevortjan, E. V., Levitskaja, L. S. (1989) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume 4, Moscow: Nauka, pages 70-71
Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*jạŕ-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎, Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

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