Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/tur-

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Verb

*tur-

(intransitive) to stand

Usage notes

In some way this verb had been turn to an auxiliary verb in both noun and verb sentences.

in verb sentence:

*Bu(-n) kēče yagmur yaga turur.
It is raining tonight.

in noun sentence: (Equivalent to is)

*Bu(-n) kiĺi beniŋ ākam-tur.
This person is my elder brother.

Descendants

Oghur:
- Chuvash: тӑр (tăr)
Common Turkic:

Arghu:
- Khalaj: turmaq
Proto-Oghuz: *dur-
- West Oghuz:
  - Azerbaijani: durmaq, -dir
  - Ottoman Turkish: طورمق (durmak)
    - Turkish: durmak, -dir
- East Oghuz:
  - Turkmen: durmak
Karluk:
- Uyghur: تۇرماق (turmaq)
- Uzbek: turmoq
Kipchak:
- North Kipchak:
  - Bashkir: тороу (torow)
  - Tatar: туру (turu)
- West Kipchak:
  - Crimean Tatar: turmaq
  - Karachay-Balkar: турарга (turarga)
  - Kumyk: турмакъ (turmaq)
- South Kipchak:
  - Karakalpak: [script needed] (tur-)
  - Kazakh: тұру (tūru)
  - Nogai: турув (turuv)
- East Kipchak:
  - Kyrgyz: туруу (turuu)
  - Southern Altai: турар (turar)
Siberian:
- Old Turkic: [script needed] (tur-)
- Old Uyghur: [script needed] (tur-)
  - Western Yugur: tur
- North Siberian:
  - Dolgan: тур (tur)
  - Yakut: тур (tur)
- South Siberian:
  - Sayan Turkic:
    - Tuvan: турар (turar), тур (tur)
  - Yenisei:
    - Khakas: турарға (turarğa)
    - Shor: турарға (turarğa)

References

Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, pages 529-530
Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 500
Sevortjan, E. V. (1980) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume 3, Moscow: Nauka, pages 296-301
Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*tur-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎, Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

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