< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic
Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/tam-
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This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Turkic
Conjugation
Conjugation of *tam- (Common Turkic)
Note: Actual conjugations can be more complex than tables below. Compound forms with the auxiliary *er- not shown.
| Positive | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | *tammak | |||||||
| participle | present | *tamgan, tamïgma, tamur | ||||||
| past | *tamduk, tammïš | |||||||
| future | *tamdačï, tammakčï, tamsïk, tamačak | |||||||
| verbal noun | *tamma, tamïg, tamgu | |||||||
| way of doing | *tamïš | |||||||
| singular | plural | |||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
| *ben | *sen | *ol | *biz | *siz | *olar | |||
| indicative | aorist | *tamur ben | *tamur sen | *tamur | *tamur biz | *tamur siz | *tamur | |
| past | simple | *tamdïm | *tamdïŋ | *tamdï | *tamdïk, tamdïmïz | *tamdïŋïz | *tamdï | |
| inferential | *tammïš ben | *tammïš sen | *tammïš | *tammïš biz | *tammïš siz | *tammïš | ||
| future | simple | *tamdačï ben, tammakčï ben, tamačak ben | *tamdačï sen, tammakčï sen, tamačak sen | *tamdačï, tammakčï, tamačak | *tamdačï biz, tammakčï biz, tamačak biz | *tamdačï siz, tammakčï siz, tamačak siz | *tamdačï, tammakčï, tamačak | |
| predictive | *tamgay ben | *tamgay sen | *tamgay | *tamgay biz | *tamgay siz | *tamgay | ||
| necessitive | *tamsïkïm | *tamsïkïŋ | *tamsïk | *tamsïkïmïz | *tamsïkïŋïz | *tamsïk | ||
| conditional | *tamsam, tamsar ben | *tamsaŋ, tamsar sen | *tamsa, tamsar | *tamsak, tamsamïz, tamsar biz | *tamsaŋïz, tamsar siz | *tamsalar, tamsar | ||
| optative | *tamgay ben | *tamgay sen | *tamgay | *tamgay biz | *tamgay siz | *tamgay | ||
| progressive | *tammakda ben | *tammakda sen | *tammakda | *tammakda biz | *tammakda siz | *tammakda | ||
| necessitative | *tammalïg ben | *tammalïg sen | *tammalïg | *tammalïg biz | *tammalïg siz | *tammalïg | ||
| imperative | *tamayïn | *tam, tamgïl | *tamzun | *tamalïm | *tamïŋ | *tamzun | ||
| Negative | ||||||||
| infinitive | *tammamak | |||||||
| participle | present | *tammagan, tammagma, tammaz | ||||||
| past | *tammaduk, tammamïš | |||||||
| future | *tammačï, tammasïk, tammayačak | |||||||
| verbal noun | *tammama, tammag, tammagu | |||||||
| way of doing | *tammayïš | |||||||
| singular | plural | |||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
| *ben | *sen | *ol | *biz | *siz | *olar | |||
| indicative | aorist | *tammaz ben | *tammaz sen | *tammaz | *tammaz biz | *tammaz siz | *tammaz | |
| past | simple | *tammadïm | *tammadïŋ | *tammadï | *tammadïk, tammadïmïz | *tammadïŋïz | *tammadï | |
| inferential | *tammamïš ben | *tammamïš sen | *tammamïš | *tammamïš biz | *tammamïš siz | *tammamïš | ||
| future | simple | *tammačï ben, tammayačak ben | *tammačï sen, tammayačak sen | *tammačï, tammayačak | *tammačï biz, tammayačak biz | *tammačï siz, tammayačak siz | *tammačï, tammayačak | |
| predictive | *tammagay ben | *tammagay sen | *tammagay | *tammagay biz | *tammagay siz | *tammagay | ||
| necessitive | *tammasïkïm | *tammasïkïŋ | *tammasïk | *tammasïkïmïz | *tammasïkïŋïz | *tammasïk | ||
| conditional | *tammasam, tammasar ben | *tammasaŋ, tammasar sen | *tammasa, tammasar | *tammasak, tammasamïz, tammasar biz | *tammasaŋïz, tammasar siz | *tammasalar, tammasar | ||
| optative | *tammagay ben | *tammagay sen | *tammagay | *tammagay biz | *tammagay siz | *tammagay | ||
| progressive | *tammamakda ben | *tammamakda sen | *tammamakda | *tammamakda biz | *tammamakda siz | *tammamakda | ||
| necessitative | *tammamalïg ben | *tammamalïg sen | *tammamalïg | *tammamalïg biz | *tammamalïg siz | *tammamalïg | ||
| imperative | *tammayayïn | *tamma, tammagïl | *tammazun | *tammayalïm | *tammayïŋ | *tammazun | ||
Derived terms
- *tamga (perhaps)
Descendants
- Karluk
- Karakhanid: تَمْتُرْماقْ (tamdur-, tamtur-)/تَمْدُرْماقْ (tamdur-, tamtur-)
- Uyghur: [script needed] (tamet-)
- Karakhanid: تَمْتُرْماقْ (tamdur-, tamtur-)/تَمْدُرْماقْ (tamdur-, tamtur-)
- Kipchak
- Siberian
- Old Turkic: [script needed] (tamdur), [script needed] (tam-)
- Yakut: тымыт (tımıt), тымтык (tımtık)
References
- Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 459b
- Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*Tạm”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
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