Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/sarïmsak
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This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Turkic
Alternative reconstructions
- *sarmïsak, *sarmusak
Etymology
Initially held to be derived from sarım ("winding"), which was later found phonetically and morphologically problematic. Another theory conceptualizes it after its yellowish-white root as a sarımsı (“yellowish, whitish” < sarı "yellow", from Proto-Turkic *sāryg (“yellow”), derived from the root *siar(ï)- originally preserving the primary meaning ‘white’ in Chuvash as шурӑ {šură}.
Alternatively borrowed from Iranian, with the argument of the absence in Chuvash and Siberian Turkic. Found in Persian سیرمو (sirmu), سیر (sir, “garlic”), Khotanese [script needed] (sarme), [script needed] (sarmā, “an eaten bulb of uncertain identification”), doubtfully further connected to Proto-Slavic *čermъša (“ramsons”), Lithuanian kermùšė (“ramsons”), Ancient Greek κρόμμυον (krómmuon), Proto-West Germanic *hramusō (“ramson”), Old Irish crem (“ramson”) (Irish creamh). The suffix -sak (compare: -cik) of the Turkic word is depicted by Khwarezmian [script needed] (-cyk), Sogdian [script needed] (-cyq) that form the nisba adjective and noun. This suffix is recently held to be derived from the native form s(ı) + Old Turkic participle suffix ak or ç + diminutive suffix ak.
Hungarian sárma, meaning Ornithogalum species, which is of the same botanical order as garlic, is either an Alanic or a Turkic borrowing, observing also that in Turkic words which otherwise denote the garlic are used for Ornithogalum.
Declension
| Singular 3) | |
|---|---|
| Nominative | *sarïmsak |
| Accusative | *sarïmsaknï, *sarïmsakïg 4), *sarïmsaknïg 1) |
| Genitive | *sarïmsaknïŋ |
| Dative | *sarïmsakka |
| Locative | *sarïmsakda |
| Ablative | *sarïmsakdan |
| Allative | *sarïmsakgaru |
| Instrumental 2) | *sarïmsakïn |
| Equative 2) | *sarïmsakča |
| Similative 2) | *sarïmsaklayu |
| Comitative 2) | *sarïmsaklïgu |
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
4) Found in the Old Turkic era.
Descendants
- Karakhanid: سَرْمُسَقْ (sarmusaq), سَرُمْسَقْ (sarumsaq), سَمُرْسَقْ (samursaq)
- Oghuz
- Kipchak
- West Kipchak
- Karachay-Balkar: сарсмакъ (sarsmaq), сарымсах (sarımsax)
- Kumyk: самурсакъ (samursaq)
- North Kipchak
- South Kipchak
- West Kipchak
- Karluk:
- → Proto-Mongolic: *sarïmsag
References
- Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 853
- Stachowski, Marek (2019) “sarımsak ~ sarmısak”, in Kurzgefaßtes etymologisches Wörterbuch der türkischen Sprache (in German), Kraków: Księgarnia Akademicka, , page 294
- Tatár, Maria Magdolna (2002) “A Eurasian Etymology: sarmysak < *k'irmus(V)/kermus(V)/karmus(V) 'Garlic'”, in Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, volume 55, number 1/3, Akadémiai Kiadó, , pages 237–251
- Teres, Ersin (2011) “derivational suffixes in Chinese Tatar”, in Türkiyat Mecmuası, regarding +şak / +şek endings.