< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic
Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kač-
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This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Turkic
Conjugation
Conjugation of *kač- (Common Turkic)
Note: Actual conjugations can be more complex than tables below. Compound forms with the auxiliary *er- not shown.
| Positive | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | *kačmak | |||||||
| participle | present | *kačgan, kačïgma, kačur | ||||||
| past | *kačtuk, kačmïš | |||||||
| future | *kačtačï, kačmakčï, kačsïk, kačačak | |||||||
| verbal noun | *kačma, kačïg, kačgu | |||||||
| way of doing | *kačïš | |||||||
| singular | plural | |||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
| *ben | *sen | *ol | *biz | *siz | *olar | |||
| indicative | aorist | *kačur ben | *kačur sen | *kačur | *kačur biz | *kačur siz | *kačur | |
| past | simple | *kačtïm | *kačtïŋ | *kačtï | *kačtïk, kačtïmïz | *kačtïŋïz | *kačtï | |
| inferential | *kačmïš ben | *kačmïš sen | *kačmïš | *kačmïš biz | *kačmïš siz | *kačmïš | ||
| future | simple | *kačtačï ben, kačmakčï ben, kačačak ben | *kačtačï sen, kačmakčï sen, kačačak sen | *kačtačï, kačmakčï, kačačak | *kačtačï biz, kačmakčï biz, kačačak biz | *kačtačï siz, kačmakčï siz, kačačak siz | *kačtačï, kačmakčï, kačačak | |
| predictive | *kačgay ben | *kačgay sen | *kačgay | *kačgay biz | *kačgay siz | *kačgay | ||
| necessitive | *kačsïkïm | *kačsïkïŋ | *kačsïk | *kačsïkïmïz | *kačsïkïŋïz | *kačsïk | ||
| conditional | *kačsam, kačsar ben | *kačsaŋ, kačsar sen | *kačsa, kačsar | *kačsak, kačsamïz, kačsar biz | *kačsaŋïz, kačsar siz | *kačsalar, kačsar | ||
| optative | *kačgay ben | *kačgay sen | *kačgay | *kačgay biz | *kačgay siz | *kačgay | ||
| progressive | *kačmakda ben | *kačmakda sen | *kačmakda | *kačmakda biz | *kačmakda siz | *kačmakda | ||
| necessitative | *kačmalïg ben | *kačmalïg sen | *kačmalïg | *kačmalïg biz | *kačmalïg siz | *kačmalïg | ||
| imperative | *kačayïn | *kač, kačgïl | *kačzun | *kačalïm | *kačïŋ | *kačzun | ||
| Negative | ||||||||
| infinitive | *kačmamak | |||||||
| participle | present | *kačmagan, kačmagma, kačmaz | ||||||
| past | *kačmaduk, kačmamïš | |||||||
| future | *kačmačï, kačmasïk, kačmayačak | |||||||
| verbal noun | *kačmama, kačmag, kačmagu | |||||||
| way of doing | *kačmayïš | |||||||
| singular | plural | |||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
| *ben | *sen | *ol | *biz | *siz | *olar | |||
| indicative | aorist | *kačmaz ben | *kačmaz sen | *kačmaz | *kačmaz biz | *kačmaz siz | *kačmaz | |
| past | simple | *kačmadïm | *kačmadïŋ | *kačmadï | *kačmadïk, kačmadïmïz | *kačmadïŋïz | *kačmadï | |
| inferential | *kačmamïš ben | *kačmamïš sen | *kačmamïš | *kačmamïš biz | *kačmamïš siz | *kačmamïš | ||
| future | simple | *kačmačï ben, kačmayačak ben | *kačmačï sen, kačmayačak sen | *kačmačï, kačmayačak | *kačmačï biz, kačmayačak biz | *kačmačï siz, kačmayačak siz | *kačmačï, kačmayačak | |
| predictive | *kačmagay ben | *kačmagay sen | *kačmagay | *kačmagay biz | *kačmagay siz | *kačmagay | ||
| necessitive | *kačmasïkïm | *kačmasïkïŋ | *kačmasïk | *kačmasïkïmïz | *kačmasïkïŋïz | *kačmasïk | ||
| conditional | *kačmasam, kačmasar ben | *kačmasaŋ, kačmasar sen | *kačmasa, kačmasar | *kačmasak, kačmasamïz, kačmasar biz | *kačmasaŋïz, kačmasar siz | *kačmasalar, kačmasar | ||
| optative | *kačmagay ben | *kačmagay sen | *kačmagay | *kačmagay biz | *kačmagay siz | *kačmagay | ||
| progressive | *kačmamakda ben | *kačmamakda sen | *kačmamakda | *kačmamakda biz | *kačmamakda siz | *kačmamakda | ||
| necessitative | *kačmamalïg ben | *kačmamalïg sen | *kačmamalïg | *kačmamalïg biz | *kačmamalïg siz | *kačmamalïg | ||
| imperative | *kačmayayïn | *kačma, kačmagïl | *kačmazun | *kačmayalïm | *kačmayïŋ | *kačmazun | ||
Descendants
References
- Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*KAč”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
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