< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic

Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/bitig

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative forms
  • *bitik

Etymology

From *biti- (“to write”) +‎ *-g.

Noun

*bitig

  1. inscription, scripture

Declension
Declension of *bitig
Singular 3)
Nominative *bitig
Accusative *bitigni, *bitigig 4), *bitignig 1)
Genitive *bitigniŋ
Dative *bitigke
Locative *bitigde
Ablative *bitigden
Allative *bitiggerü
Instrumental 2) *bitigin
Equative 2) *bitigče
Similative 2) *bitigleyü
Comitative 2) *bitigligü
1) Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
4) Found in the Old Turkic era.

Descendants
  • → Hungarian: betű
  • Oghur:
    • Chuvash: пӗтӳ (pĕt̬ü, “amulet”)
  • Common Turkic: *bitig, *bitik
  • Proto-Oghuz: *bitig, *bitik
    • West Oghuz:
      • Old Anatolian Turkish: بِتى (biti, “letter, written document”)
        • Azerbaijani: bitik (archaic)
        • Ottoman Turkish: بتى (biti, “letter, written document; memory (literature); bill, document”)
          • Turkish: biti (“letter, post; amulet; notebook; book; forme; amulet; credentials, document, compass, licence; clerk”) (dialectal)
    • East Oghuz:
  • Karluk:
    • Karakhanid: بِتِكٔ (bitig, bitik)
      • Khorezmian Turkic:
        • → Bulgar: بطك (bitik)
        • Chagatai:
          • Uyghur: بېتىك (bëtik)
  • Kipchak:
    • Kipchak: بتو (bitüv, bitiv), بتی (biti), بتك (bitik)[1]
    • North Kipchak:
      • Bashkir: бетеү (betew, “amulet”)
      • Tatar: бөти (böti, “letter, amulet”)
    • West Kipchak:
      • Karaim: битик (bitik)
      • Kumyk: битик (bitik, “amulet”)
    • South Kipchak:
      • Caspian:
        • Kazakh: бітік (bıtık, “letter, scripture”)
  • Siberian:
    • Old Turkic: 𐰋𐰃𐱅𐰏 (b²it²g /⁠bitig⁠/)
      • Old Uyghur: [script needed] (bitig)
        • Western Yugur: [script needed] (pïʰtïɣ, “book”)
  • → Mongolian: бичиг (bičig)
    • → Kyrgyz: бичик (bicik, “book of Kalmyk”)
    • → Southern Altai: бичик (bičik, “book”)
    • → Khakas: пічік (pìçìk, “book”)
    • → Shor: пичик (“script, alphabet”)
    • → Tuvan: бижик (bijik)
    • → Yakut: бичик (bicik)

References
  1. Toparlı, Recep (2007) Kıpçak Türkçesi Sözlüğü‎, 2nd edition, Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, →ISBN, page 33
  • “biti”, in Türkiye'de halk ağzından derleme sözlüğü [Compilation Dictionary of Popular Speech in Turkey] (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, 1963–1982
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