Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/āŕ

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative reconstructions

*hāŕ

Etymology

Compare Proto-Mongolic *aray (“scarcely, just a little”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Adverb

*āŕ

few, a little
Antonym: *čok (“many, very”)

Descendants

Oghur:
- →⇒ Eastern Mari: орлу́до (orlúdo), оръе́ҥ (orjéŋ), орйы́лме (orjýlme)
- →⇒ Western Mari: аргек (argek), арвӓты (arväty)
Common Turkic:

Arghu:
- Khalaj: hâz
Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish:
  - Azerbaijani: az
  - Ottoman Turkish: آز (az)
    - Gagauz: az
    - Turkish: az
- Salar: az
- Turkmen: āz
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: [script needed] (az)
  - Chagatai: [script needed] (az)
    - Uzbek: oz
    - Uyghur: ئاز (az)
Kipchak:
- North Kipchak:
  - Tatar: аз (az)
  - Bashkir: аҙ (aź)
- West Kipchak:
  - Karachay-Balkar: аз (az)
  - Crimean Tatar: az
  - Kumyk: аз (az)
  - Karaim: аз
- South Kipchak:
  - Caspian:
    - Kazakh: аз (az)
    - Karakalpak: аз
    - Nogai: аз (az)
  - Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
    - Kyrgyz: аз (az)
    - Southern Altai: ас (as)
Siberian:
- Old Turkic: [script needed] (az)
  - Old Uyghur: [script needed] (az)
    - Western Yugur: az
- South Siberian:
  - Sayan:
    - Tuvan: аз (az)
  - Yenisei:
    - Khakas: [script needed] (as)
    - Shor: [script needed] (as)

References

Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*Āŕ”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

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