< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic
Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/ögren-
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This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Turkic
Etymology
Erdal, Nişanyan, Clauson and Tekin suggest a derivation *ögür (“herd”) + *-e- + *-n- with an earlier meaning of "to get accustomed to, be tamed, learn".[1][2][3]
Sevortjan and Räsänen have both suggested a derivation from *ȫg (“mind”), however this is impossible from a morphological standpoint as there is no *-ra- denominal verbal suffix.[1]
Conjugation
Conjugation of *ögren- (Common Turkic)
Note: Actual conjugations can be more complex than tables below. Compound forms with the auxiliary *er- not shown.
| Positive | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | *ögrenmek | |||||||
| participle | present | *ögrengen, ögrenigme, ögrenür | ||||||
| past | *ögrentük, ögrenmiš | |||||||
| future | *ögrenteči, ögrenmekči, ögrensik, ögreneček | |||||||
| verbal noun | *ögrenme, ögrenig, ögrengü | |||||||
| way of doing | *ögreniš | |||||||
| singular | plural | |||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
| *ben | *sen | *ol | *biz | *siz | *olar | |||
| indicative | aorist | *ögrenür ben | *ögrenür sen | *ögrenür | *ögrenür biz | *ögrenür siz | *ögrenür | |
| past | simple | *ögrentim | *ögrentiŋ | *ögrenti | *ögrentik, ögrentimiz | *ögrentiŋiz | *ögrenti | |
| inferential | *ögrenmiš ben | *ögrenmiš sen | *ögrenmiš | *ögrenmiš biz | *ögrenmiš siz | *ögrenmiš | ||
| future | simple | *ögrenteči ben, ögrenmekči ben, ögreneček ben | *ögrenteči sen, ögrenmekči sen, ögreneček sen | *ögrenteči, ögrenmekči, ögreneček | *ögrenteči biz, ögrenmekči biz, ögreneček biz | *ögrenteči siz, ögrenmekči siz, ögreneček siz | *ögrenteči, ögrenmekči, ögreneček | |
| predictive | *ögrengey ben | *ögrengey sen | *ögrengey | *ögrengey biz | *ögrengey siz | *ögrengey | ||
| necessitive | *ögrensikim | *ögrensikiŋ | *ögrensik | *ögrensikimiz | *ögrensikiŋiz | *ögrensik | ||
| conditional | *ögrensem, ögrenser ben | *ögrenseŋ, ögrenser sen | *ögrense, ögrenser | *ögrensek, ögrensemiz, ögrenser biz | *ögrenseŋiz, ögrenser siz | *ögrenseler, ögrenser | ||
| optative | *ögrengey ben | *ögrengey sen | *ögrengey | *ögrengey biz | *ögrengey siz | *ögrengey | ||
| progressive | *ögrenmekde ben | *ögrenmekde sen | *ögrenmekde | *ögrenmekde biz | *ögrenmekde siz | *ögrenmekde | ||
| necessitative | *ögrenmelig ben | *ögrenmelig sen | *ögrenmelig | *ögrenmelig biz | *ögrenmelig siz | *ögrenmelig | ||
| imperative | *ögreneyin | *ögren, ögrengil | *ögrenzün | *ögrenelim | *ögreniŋ | *ögrenzün | ||
| Negative | ||||||||
| infinitive | *ögrenmemek | |||||||
| participle | present | *ögrenmegen, ögrenmegme, ögrenmez | ||||||
| past | *ögrenmedük, ögrenmemiš | |||||||
| future | *ögrenmeči, ögrenmesik, ögrenmeyeček | |||||||
| verbal noun | *ögrenmeme, ögrenmeg, ögrenmegü | |||||||
| way of doing | *ögrenmeyiš | |||||||
| singular | plural | |||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
| *ben | *sen | *ol | *biz | *siz | *olar | |||
| indicative | aorist | *ögrenmez ben | *ögrenmez sen | *ögrenmez | *ögrenmez biz | *ögrenmez siz | *ögrenmez | |
| past | simple | *ögrenmedim | *ögrenmediŋ | *ögrenmedi | *ögrenmedik, ögrenmedimiz | *ögrenmediŋiz | *ögrenmedi | |
| inferential | *ögrenmemiš ben | *ögrenmemiš sen | *ögrenmemiš | *ögrenmemiš biz | *ögrenmemiš siz | *ögrenmemiš | ||
| future | simple | *ögrenmeči ben, ögrenmeyeček ben | *ögrenmeči sen, ögrenmeyeček sen | *ögrenmeči, ögrenmeyeček | *ögrenmeči biz, ögrenmeyeček biz | *ögrenmeči siz, ögrenmeyeček siz | *ögrenmeči, ögrenmeyeček | |
| predictive | *ögrenmegey ben | *ögrenmegey sen | *ögrenmegey | *ögrenmegey biz | *ögrenmegey siz | *ögrenmegey | ||
| necessitive | *ögrenmesikim | *ögrenmesikiŋ | *ögrenmesik | *ögrenmesikimiz | *ögrenmesikiŋiz | *ögrenmesik | ||
| conditional | *ögrenmesem, ögrenmeser ben | *ögrenmeseŋ, ögrenmeser sen | *ögrenmese, ögrenmeser | *ögrenmesek, ögrenmesemiz, ögrenmeser biz | *ögrenmeseŋiz, ögrenmeser siz | *ögrenmeseler, ögrenmeser | ||
| optative | *ögrenmegey ben | *ögrenmegey sen | *ögrenmegey | *ögrenmegey biz | *ögrenmegey siz | *ögrenmegey | ||
| progressive | *ögrenmemekde ben | *ögrenmemekde sen | *ögrenmemekde | *ögrenmemekde biz | *ögrenmemekde siz | *ögrenmemekde | ||
| necessitative | *ögrenmemelig ben | *ögrenmemelig sen | *ögrenmemelig | *ögrenmemelig biz | *ögrenmemelig siz | *ögrenmemelig | ||
| imperative | *ögrenmeyeyin | *ögrenme, ögrenmegil | *ögrenmezün | *ögrenmeyelim | *ögrenmeyiŋ | *ögrenmezün | ||
Related terms
- *ögre-t- (“to familiarize; to teach”)
Descendants
- Oghur:
- Chuvash: вӗрен (vĕren, “to get used to; to learn”)
- ⇒ Chuvash: вӗрент (vĕrent, “to teach; to make memorize”)
- Chuvash: вӗрен (vĕren, “to get used to; to learn”)
- Common Turkic:
- Arghu:
- Oghuz:
- Karluk:
- Kipchak:
- Siberian:
- Old Turkic:
- Old Uyghur: ʾwykrʾn- (ögren-, “to get used to”)
- ⇒ Old Uyghur: ʾwykrʾnmyš (ögrenmiš, “accustomed”)
- Western Yugur: jørɣin, jørɣen
- Old Uyghur: ʾwykrʾn- (ögren-, “to get used to”)
- North Siberian:
- Dolgan: үөрен
- Yakut: үөрэн (üören)
- South Siberian:
- Old Turkic:
References
- Erdal, Marcel (1991) Old Turkic Word Formation, volume I, Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 33
- Tekin, Talât (1994), "Old Turkic Word Formation Üzerine Notlar [Some Notes on Old Turkic Formation]", in Türk Dili Araştırmaları, volume 4, Ankara, pages 201-208
- Tietze, Andreas (2002, 2009) “ögren-”, in Tarihi ve Etimolojik Türkiye Türkçesi Lügati [Historical and Etymological Dictionary of Turkish] (in Turkish), volume VI, Istanbul, Vienna, page 203
- al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943
- Clauson, Gerard (1972) “ögren-”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 114
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “öğrenmek”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
- Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 369
- Sevortjan, E. V. (1974) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Nauka, page 497
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