< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/užasъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative forms
  • *užěsъ (attested in "Psalterium Sinaiticum")
  • *užastь (sporadically attested in East Slavic)

Etymology

Morphologically equivalent to *u- +‎ *žasъ (“fright”).

Further etymology is problematic:

  • On morphological basis, has been linked to the root of *gasiti (“to extinguish”), which however poses semantic problems.
  • An alternative proposal suggests genetic relation to *gadъ (“creep, reptile”), presumably from pre-Slavic *u- +‎ *gēd- +‎ *-sъ.
  • Possibly a borrowing[1] from Gothic 𐌿𐍃𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽 (usgaisjan, “to frighten”), assumming that related non-prefixed forms are back-formations and that Gothic -𐌰𐌹- (-ai-) was rendered as Proto-Slavic *-ě- < *-ē- (rather than formally expected *-ai-).

Noun

*ȗžasъ m[2][1]

  1. (perhaps originally) awe, dismay
    → horror, fright, dread (in South, East Slavic)
    → amazement, astonishment (in West Slavic)

Declension
Declension of *ȗžasъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm c)
singular dual plural
nominative *ȗžasъ *ȗžasa *ȗžasi
genitive *ȗžasa *užasù *užãsъ
dative *ȗžasu *užasomà *užasòmъ
accusative *ȗžasъ *ȗžasa *ȗžasy
instrumental *ȗžasъmь, *ȗžasomь* *užasomà *užasý
locative *ȗžasě *užasù *užasě̃xъ
vocative *užase *ȗžasa *ȗžasi
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Derived terms
  • *užasiti (“to awe, to amaze, to terrify”)
  • *užasьnъ (“awful, stunning”)

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: ужасъ (užasŭ), ужасть (užastĭ)
  • South Slavic:
  • West Slavic:

Further reading
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “ужас”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

References
  1. Pronk-Tiethoff, Saskia E. (2013) The Germanic loanwords in Proto-Slavic‎, Amsterdam - New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 156: “PSl. *užasъ (m. o-stem) ‘horror, amazement’”
  2. Derksen, Rick (2008) “*užasъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 511: “m. o ‘amazement, horror’”
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