Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/svěťa

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

*svě̄ťà

Etymology

From *světiti (“to illuminate, shine”) +‎ *-ja or *světъ (“light”) +‎ *-ja.

Noun

*svě̄ťà f

candle

Declension

Declension of *svě̄ťà (soft a-stem, accent paradigm b)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*svě̄ťà	*svě̃ťi	*svě̄ťę̇̀
genitive	*svě̄ťę̇̀	*svě̄ťù	*svě̃ťь
dative	*svě̄ťì	*svě̄ťàma	*svě̄ťàmъ
accusative	*svě̄ťǫ̀	*svě̃ťi	*svě̄ťę̇̀
instrumental	svě̄ťèjǫ, svě̃ťǫ^**	*svě̄ťàma	*svě̄ťàmī
locative	*svě̄ťì	*svě̄ťù	svě̄ťàsъ, svě̄ťàxъ^*
vocative	*svěťe	*svě̃ťi	*svě̄ťę̇̀

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Derived terms

*svěťьnikъ (“candlestick, candle holder”)
*svěťařь (“chandler”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: свѣча (svěča), свѣща (svěšča)
  - Old Ruthenian: свѣча́ (svěčá)
    - Belarusian: свяча́ (svjačá), сьвяча́ (sʹvjačá) (Taraškievica), ⇒ све́чка (svjéčka), сьве́чка (sʹvjéčka) (Taraškievica)
    - Ukrainian: свіча́ (svičá), ⇒ сві́чка (svíčka)
  - Russian: свеча́ (svečá)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Old Cyrillic script: свѣща (svěšta)
  
  Glagolitic script: ⱄⰲⱑⱋⰰ (svěšta)
- Bulgarian: свещ (svešt)
- Macedonian: свеќа (sveḱa)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: све́ћа, свије́ћа
  
  Latin script: svéća, svijéća
- Slovene: svẹ́ča (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: sviecě
  - Czech: svíce
- Kashubian: swiéca
- Polabian: svećă
- Old Polish: świeca
  - Polish: świeca
- Slovak: svieca
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: swěca
  - Lower Sorbian: swěca

References

Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 475
Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “свеча́”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “свеча”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volumes 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 146
Tsykhun, G. A., editor (2008), “свечка”, in Этымалагічны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Etymological Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), volumes 12 (свабо́да – стэ́сам), Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka, →ISBN
Racheva, M., Todorov, T. A., editors (2002), “свещ”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 6 (пỳскам – словàр²), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 545

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