Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/smьjati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative forms

*smijàti (later form)

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *smīˀ-, *smai-, from Proto-Indo-European *smey-. Cognate with Latvian smiêt (“to mock”), 1sg. smeju, smiêtiês (“to laugh”), smaĩdît (“to mock”) (also Eastern dialect smaîdinât), smîdînât (“to make someone laugh”) (also Western dialect smĩdînât), smĩnêt (“to smile”). Also cognate with Sanskrit स्मयते (smáyate, “to smile, to laugh”), Ancient Greek μειδάω (meidáō), μειδιάω (meidiáō, “to smile”), φιλο-μμειδής (philo-mmeidḗs, “smiling gladly”) (Homeric), Tocharian A smimāṃ (“smiling”), English smile, Latin mīrus (“wonderful”). Per Derksen, the Balto-Slavic acute is an innovation.

Verb

*smьjàti impf

(reflexive with *sę) to laugh

Inflection

Conjugation of *smьjati, *smьja, *smějetь (impf., -a/V-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)

Suffix: *-ati

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*smьjanьje	*smьjati	*smьjatъ	*smьjalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*smьjanъ	*smějemъ
Active	*smьjavъ	*směję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*smьjaxъ	*smьja	*smьja	*smějǫ	*směješi	*smějetь
Dual	*smьjaxově	*smьjasta	*smьjaste	*smějevě	*smějeta	*smějete
Plural	*smьjaxomъ	*smьjaste	*smьjašę	*smějemъ	*smějete	*smějǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*smьjaaxъ	*smьjaaše	*smьjaaše	—	*směji	*směji
Dual	*smьjaaxově	*smьjaašeta	*smьjaašete	*smějivě	*smějita	—
Plural	*smьjaaxomъ	*smьjaašete	*smьjaaxǫ	*smějimъ	*smějite	—

Related terms

*smě̑xъ (“laughter”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: смиꙗти (smijati), смѣꙗти (smějati)
  - Old Ruthenian: смѣꙗтисѧ (smějatisja), смѣатисѧ (směatisja), смѣꙗтись (smějatisʹ), смѣꙗтисє (smějatisje), смѣꙗтьсѧ (smějatʹsja), смиꙗтисѧ (smijatisja)
    - Belarusian: смяя́цца (smjajácca)
    - Carpathian Rusyn: смяти (smjaty)
    - Ukrainian: смія́тися (smijátysja)
  - Russian: смея́ться (smejátʹsja)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Glagolitic script: [Term?]
  
  Old Cyrillic script: смиꙗти (smijati), смѣати (směati), смиѣти (smiěti), смѣѣти (směěti)
  - Bulgarian: сме́я (sméja)
  - Macedonian: сме́е (smée)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: смѐјати, смѝјати, смијејати
  
  Latin script: smèjati, smìjati, smijejati
- Slovene: smejáti (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Kashubian: smiôc
- Old Czech: smieti
  - Czech: smát
- Polabian: sḿot
- Polish: śmiać
- Silesian: śmiŏć
- Slovak: smiať
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: smjeć
  - Lower Sorbian: smjaś

References

Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 456
Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “смею́сь”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “смея́ться”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volumes 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 179

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