< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sъpati
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *supn-. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *supn- + *-ati, from *swep- (“to sleep”). Cognate with Lithuanian sapnuoti (“to dream”), Sanskrit स्वपति (svápati), स्वपिति (svápiti, “to sleep”), Avestan 𐬓𐬀𐬟𐬯𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (xᵛafsaiti, “to sleep”), Latin sōpīre (“to fall asleep”), Proto-Germanic *swefaną (“to sleep”), Old English swefan (“to sleep”) (whence obsolete English asweve (“to put to sleep, to stupefy”)). Also cognate with Proto-Germanic *swefnaz, Ancient Greek ὕπνος (húpnos), Latin somnus, Old Irish súan. See also Proto-Slavic *sъ̀nъ (“sleep, dream”).
Conjugation
Conjugation of *sъpati, *sъpa, *sъpitь (impf., intr., -a/i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)
Suffix: *-ati
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *sъpanьje | *sъpati | *sъpatъ | *sъpalъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | — | — |
| Active | *sъpavъ | *sъpę |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *sъpaxъ | *sъpa | *sъpa | *sъpľǫ | *sъpiši | *sъpitь |
| Dual | *sъpaxově | *sъpasta | *sъpaste | *sъpivě | *sъpita | *sъpite |
| Plural | *sъpaxomъ | *sъpaste | *sъpašę | *sъpimъ | *sъpite | *sъpętь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *sъpaaxъ | *sъpaaše | *sъpaaše | — | *sъpi | *sъpi |
| Dual | *sъpaaxově | *sъpaašeta | *sъpaašete | *sъpivě | *sъpita | — |
| Plural | *sъpaaxomъ | *sъpaašete | *sъpaaxǫ | *sъpimъ | *sъpite | — |
Conjugation of *sъpati, *sъpa, *sъpitь (impf., intr., -a/i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)
Suffix: *-ati
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *sъpanьje | *sъpati | *sъpatъ | *sъpalъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | — | — |
| Active | *sъpavъ | *sъpę |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *sъpaxъ | *sъpa | *sъpa | *sъpľǫ | *sъpiši | *sъpitь |
| Dual | *sъpaxově | *sъpasta | *sъpaste | *sъpivě | *sъpita | *sъpite |
| Plural | *sъpaxomъ | *sъpaste | *sъpašę | *sъpimъ | *sъpite | *sъpętь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *sъpaaxъ | *sъpaaše | *sъpaaše | — | *sъpi | *sъpi |
| Dual | *sъpaaxově | *sъpaašeta | *sъpaašete | *sъpivě | *sъpita | — |
| Plural | *sъpaaxomъ | *sъpaašete | *sъpaaxǫ | *sъpimъ | *sъpite | — |
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “спать”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volumes 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 192
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “спать”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008) “*sъpati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 481
- Kapović, Mate (2007) “The Development of Proto-Slavic Quantity”, in Wiener Slavistisches Jahrbuch, University of Vienna, page 6: “*sъpa̋ti”
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