< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/orbъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *árbas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃órbʰos (“orphan”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ὀρφανός (orphanós, “orphaned”), Latin orbus (“orphaned”), Old Armenian որբ (orb, “orphan; orphaned”) and Sanskrit अर्भ (árbha, “child; small”). Per Derksen, probably also cognate with Proto-Germanic *arbaidiz.

Noun

*õrbъ m[1][2][3]

  1. servant, slave

Declension
Declension of *õrbъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm b)
singular dual plural
nominative *õrbъ *ōrbà *ōrbì
genitive *ōrbà *ōrbù *õrbъ
dative *ōrbù *ōrbòma *ōrbòmъ
accusative *õrbъ *ōrbà *ōrbỳ
instrumental *ōrbъ̀mь, *ōrbòmь* *ōrbòma *õrby
locative *ōrbě̀ *ōrbù *õrběxъ
vocative *orbe *ōrbà *ōrbì
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Derived terms
  • *orběti
  • *orbinъ
  • *orbiti (“to do, to work”)
  • *orbota (“work”)
  • *orbovati
  • *orbyni (“female slave, maid”)
  • *orbьcь
  • *orbьja
  • *orbьjь (“laborous”)
  • *orbьnъ
  • *orbьskъ
  • *orbьstvo
  • *orb(j)enьje
  • *orbotati
  • *orbotędzь / *orbotęgъ / *orbotęga
  • *orbotiti
  • *orbotizna / *orbotiznь
  • *orboťь
  • *orbotъka
  • *orbotьlivъ
  • *orbotьnъ
  • *orbotьnica
  • *orbotьnikъ
  • *orbotьničь
  • *paorbъkъ

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: робъ (robŭ)
      • Old Ruthenian: робъ (rob)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Old Cyrillic script: рабъ (rabŭ)
      Glagolitic script: ⱃⰰⰱⱏ (rabŭ)
      • → Old East Slavic: рабъ (rabŭ) (see there for further descendants)
      • → Old Novgorodian:
        Old Cyrillic script: рабе (rabe)
        Glagolitic script: ⱃⰰⰱⰵ (rabe)
    • Bulgarian: раб (rab)
    • Macedonian: раб (rab)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: ра̏б
      Latin script: rȁb
  • West Slavic:
    • Old Czech: rob
    • Slovak: (dialectal) rob
    • → Bulgarian: роб (rob)
    • → Macedonian: роб (rob)
    • → Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: роб
      Latin script: rob
    • → Slovene: rob
  • Non-Slavic:
    • → Hungarian: rab
      • → Old Slovak: rab
    • → Romanian: rob

Further reading
  • Trubachyov, O., Zhuravlyov, A. F., editors (2005), “*orbъ/*orba”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 32 (*obžьnъ – *orzbotati), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 131
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “раб”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Савва Михайлович (2012), “22 Древнерусских глаголических надписи-граффити XI–XII веков из Новгорода” in Slovo, vol. 62, pp. 63-99.

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2008) “*orbъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 373: “m. o ‘servant, slave’”
  2. Olander, Thomas (2001) “orbъ”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b? slave (PR 134)”
  3. Snoj, Marko (2016) “rọ̑b”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*orbъ̏”
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