< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kuna
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kaunā́ˀ. Related, but not exactly cognate with Lithuanian kiáunė and Latvian caûna.
In some languages, the obsolete *kuna (“necklace, adornment, icon”), possibly borrowed from dialectal Ancient Greek κούνα (koúna), standard εἰκών (eikṓn, “image, icon”), is attested. Per Trubachev, a native formation from the devervial participle *kuti (“to forge”) + *-nа.
Declension
Declension of *kūnà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm b)
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *kūnà | *kũně | *kūnỳ |
| genitive | *kūnỳ | *kūnù | *kũnъ |
| dative | *kūně̀ | *kūnàma | *kūnàmъ |
| accusative | *kūnǫ̀ | *kũně | *kūnỳ |
| instrumental | *kūnòjǫ, *kũnǫ** | *kūnàma | *kūnàmī |
| locative | *kūně̀ | *kūnù | *kūnàsъ, *kūnàxъ* |
| vocative | *kuno | *kũně | *kūnỳ |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Declension of *kunà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm c)
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *kunà | *kȗně | *kȗny |
| genitive | *kuný | *kunù | *kũnъ |
| dative | *kuně̀ | *kunàma | *kunàmъ |
| accusative | *kȗnǫ | *kȗně | *kȗny |
| instrumental | *kunojǫ́ | *kunàma | *kunàmi |
| locative | *kȗně | *kunù | *kunàsъ, *kunàxъ* |
| vocative | *kuno | *kȗně | *kȗny |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
Derived terms
- *kunica (diminutive)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Verweij, Arno (1994) “Quantity Patterns of Substantives in Czech and Slovak”, in Dutch Contributions to the Eleventh International Congress of Slavists, Bratislava (Studies in Slavic and General Linguistics), volume 22, Editions Rodopi B.V., page 504
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “куница”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1987), “*kuna”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 13 (*kroměžirъ – *kyžiti), Moscow: Nauka, page 103
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “куна²”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 133
References
- Olander, Thomas (2001) “kuna kuny”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b/c mår (PR 135)”
- Snoj, Marko (2016) “kúna”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*kuna̋”
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