< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kostь
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *kost-, supposedly connected with *h₃ost-. Compare Latin costa (“rib”).
Melnichuk prefers to derive this word from Proto-Indo-European *kes- (“to cut”) with semantic development ‘stabbed corpse’ > ‘dead body’ > ‘remnants’ > ‘bones’.[1]
Declension
Declension of *kȍstь (i-stem, accent paradigm c)
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *kȍstь | *kȍsti | *kȍsti |
| genitive | *kostí | *kostьjù, *kosťu* | *kostь̀jь |
| dative | *kȍsti | *kostьmà | *kȍstьmъ |
| accusative | *kȍstь | *kȍsti | *kȍsti |
| instrumental | *kostьjǫ́ | *kostьmà | *kostьmì |
| locative | *kostí | *kostьjù, *kosťu* | *kȍstьxъ |
| vocative | *kosti | *kȍsti | *kȍsti |
* The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Derived terms
- *kostъka (“small bone”)
- *kostàtъ (“having prominent bones, bony”)
- *kostra (“skeleton”)
- *kostrьcь (“tailbone, coccyx”)
References
- О. С. Мельничук (1968) “Корень *kes- и его разновидности в лексике славянских и других индоевропейских языков”, in Этимология 1966: Проблемы лингвогеографии и межъязыковых контактов, Moscow, page 234
- Derksen, Rick (2008) “*kȏstь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 239: “f. i (c) ‘bone’”
- Olander, Thomas (2001) “kostь kosti”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “f. b (IRU 89, 94); c (SA 139, 199; PR 138)”
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “кость”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
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