< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kortъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Substantivized neuter[1] of Proto-Balto-Slavic *kártas (“localized, concise”) (attested in adjectival form as a part of compounds), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut”). Cognate with Lithuanian kar̃tas (“time, occurrence”) (plural kartaĩ), kartà (“layer, row”) (acc. kar̃tą), Latvian kā̀rtа (“layer, row”) and further related to Sanskrit सकृत् (sakṛ́t, “once”), कृत्वस् pl (kṛ́tvas, “times, occurrences”), Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬐𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬝 (hakərət̰, “once”).

Noun

*kõrtъ m[2][3][4]

  1. moment of time, occurence
    Synonym: *razъ
  2. (as a part of adverbs) instance
    *kratě ― once
    *dъva, tri kraty ― twice, thrice
    *mъnogo kraty ― multiple times

Declension
Declension of *kõrtъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm b)
singular dual plural
nominative *kõrtъ *kōrtà *kōrtì
genitive *kōrtà *kōrtù *kõrtъ
dative *kōrtù *kōrtòma *kōrtòmъ
accusative *kõrtъ *kōrtà *kōrtỳ
instrumental *kōrtъ̀mь, *kōrtòmь* *kōrtòma *kõrty
locative *kōrtě̀ *kōrtù *kõrtěxъ
vocative *korte *kōrtà *kōrtì
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Derived terms
  • *kortьnъ (“discrete”)
  • *edьnokortьnъ (“one-time”)
  • *kortiti (“to cut short”)
    • *kortežь (“shortage”)
  • *kortostь (“brevity”)
  • *kortъkъ (“short, brief”)

Descendants
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic: кратъ (kratŭ)
    • Bulgarian: крат (krat, “unit of measure”) (dialectal)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: -крат
      Latin script: -krat
    • Slovene: kràt (tonal orthography)
  • West Slavic:

Further reading
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “кра́та”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1984), “*kortъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 11 (*konьcь – *kotьna(ja)), Moscow: Nauka, page 99
  • Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1979), “крат”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 2 (и – крепя̀), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 721

References
  1. Gender shift due to Illič-Svityč's law.
  2. Derksen, Rick (2008) “*kortъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 236: “m. o (b) ‘once, time’”
  3. Olander, Thomas (2001) “kortъ korta”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b time, occurrence (NA 122; SA 21)”
  4. Snoj, Marko (2016) “krat”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *kortъ̏”
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