< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/klenъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Unknown. Probably related to Lithuanian klẽvas m (“maple”), Latvian kļava f (“maple”), Latgalian kļovs m (“maple”).

Trubačev tentatively presumes origin from Proto-Indo-European *kel- (“to jolt, to push”).

Noun

*klȅnъ m[1]

  1. maple
    Synonym: *avorъ

Alternative forms
  • *klьnъ, *klěnъ (Serbo-Croatian, Slovenian)

Usage notes

Likely reflects the original Slavic word for maples. Probably initially referring particularly to “field maple” (Acer campestre).[2] Other varieties, such as Acer tataricum and Acer platanoides, are usually referred with epithetic terms like *mękyšь (“soft one”) (whence Bulgarian мекиш (mekiš)) or *žeščelъ ~ *žeščľa, *žestika (“hard one”) (whence Bulgarian жешля, жещел (žešlja, žeštel), Serbo-Croatian жешља, жестика), probably because they fell outside the range of the proto-Slavic homeland.

Declension
Declension of *klȅnъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm c)
singular dual plural
nominative *klȅnъ *klȅna *klȅni
genitive *klȅna *klenù *klènъ
dative *klȅnu *klenomà *klenòmъ
accusative *klȅnъ *klȅna *klȅny
instrumental *klȅnъmь, *klȅnomь* *klenomà *klený
locative *klȅně *klenù *kleně̃xъ
vocative *klene *klȅna *klȅni
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Derived terms
  • *klenьje (“maple forrest”)
  • *klenovъ (“maple's”)
  • *maklenъ, *meklenъ, *neklenъ, *sǫklenъ (“type of maple”)
  • *klonъ (“branch, twig”) (possibly)
  • *klękъ (“bush; humped, deformed tree”) (possibly)
  • *klęčь (“wand, stick”) (possibly)
  • *kolъ (“stake”) (possibly)

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: кленъ (klenŭ)
  • South Slavic:
  • West Slavic:

References
  1. Olander, Thomas (2001) “klenъ”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c ahorn (PR 137)”
  2. Stojanović, Stefan (2012) “Further on the homeland of Slavs in the light of names of some trees (elms, poplars and the aspen, and maples)”, in Theory and Empiricism in Slavonic Diachronic Linguistics [Studia etymologica Brunensia 15], Praha: Lidové noviny, pages 239-241

Further reading
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1983), “*klenъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 9 (*jьz – *klenьje), Moscow: Nauka, page 194
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “клен”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1979), “клен¹”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 2 (и – крепя̀), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 432
  • “klevas”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
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