< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kaliti
Proto-Slavic
Derived terms
Descendants
Etymology 2
Uncertain.
According to one hypothesis, cognate with Latin callus (“hard”) and a group of Celtic words with senses like 'hard, strong, cruel', e. g. Gaulish Caleti, Old Irish calad, Welsh caled etc. Thus possibly derived from Proto-Indo-European *keHl-/*kHl-.
According to Trubachev, a Slavic semantical development in the Iron Age from *kaliti I, explained by clay (which was used in the tempering process) muddling the water in which the metal ware was tempered. In such a case the aforementioned Celtic words may have developed from *ḱlH-eto (“cold”), see Proto-Celtic *kaletos, as proposed by Joseph (leaving callus without an etymology).
Relation to Latvian kàlstu, kàlst (“to dry up, solidify”) is unclear.
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
- Czech: kalit (“to temper, case-harden”)
- Slovak: kaliť (“to temper, case-harden”)
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “кали́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008) “*kaliti II”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 220: “v. ‘soil’”
- Derksen, Rick (2008) “*kaliti I”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 219: “v. ‘temper, case-harden’”
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