< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/grozьnъ
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From *groza + *-ьnъ, speculated to be of onomatopaeic origin.[1] Cognate with Lithuanian gražus (“beautiful”), Latvian grezns (“splendid”) and possibly akin to Ancient Greek γοργός (gorgós, “terrifying”), Irish garg (“harsh, wild”).
Inflection
Indefinite declension of *grozьnъ (hard)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *grozьnъ | *grozьna | *grozьno |
| genitive | *grozьna | *grozьny | *grozьna |
| dative | *grozьnu | *grozьně | *grozьnu |
| accusative | *grozьnъ | *grozьnǫ | *grozьno |
| instrumental | *grozьnomь | *grozьnojǫ | *grozьnomь |
| locative | *grozьně | *grozьně | *grozьně |
| vocative | *grozьne | *grozьno | *grozьno |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *grozьna | *grozьně | *grozьně |
| genitive | *grozьnu | *grozьnu | *grozьnu |
| dative | *grozьnoma | *grozьnama | *grozьnoma |
| accusative | *grozьna | *grozьně | *grozьně |
| instrumental | *grozьnoma | *grozьnama | *grozьnoma |
| locative | *grozьnu | *grozьnu | *grozьnu |
| vocative | *grozьna | *grozьně | *grozьně |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *grozьni | *grozьny | *grozьna |
| genitive | *grozьnъ | *grozьnъ | *grozьnъ |
| dative | *grozьnomъ | *grozьnamъ | *grozьnomъ |
| accusative | *grozьny | *grozьny | *grozьna |
| instrumental | *grozьny | *grozьnami | *grozьny |
| locative | *grozьněxъ | *grozьnaxъ | *grozьněxъ |
| vocative | *grozьni | *grozьny | *grozьna |
Definite declension of *grozьnъ (hard)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *grozьnъjь | *grozьnaja | *grozьnoje |
| genitive | *grozьnajego | *grozьnyję̇ | *grozьnajego |
| dative | *grozьnujemu | *grozьněji | *grozьnujemu |
| accusative | *grozьnъjь | *grozьnǫjǫ | *grozьnoje |
| instrumental | *grozьnyjimь | *grozьnǫjǫ | *grozьnyjimь |
| locative | *grozьnějemь | *grozьněji | *grozьnějemь |
| vocative | *grozьnъjь | *grozьnaja | *grozьnoje |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *grozьnaja | *grozьněji | *grozьněji |
| genitive | *grozьnuju | *grozьnuju | *grozьnuju |
| dative | *grozьnyjima | *grozьnyjima | *grozьnyjima |
| accusative | *grozьnaja | *grozьněji | *grozьněji |
| instrumental | *grozьnyjima | *grozьnyjima | *grozьnyjima |
| locative | *grozьnuju | *grozьnuju | *grozьnuju |
| vocative | *grozьnaja | *grozьněji | *grozьněji |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *grozьniji | *grozьnyję̇ | *grozьnaja |
| genitive | *grozьnъjixъ | *grozьnъjixъ | *grozьnъjixъ |
| dative | *grozьnyjimъ | *grozьnyjimъ | *grozьnyjimъ |
| accusative | *grozьnyję̇ | *grozьnyję̇ | *grozьnaja |
| instrumental | *grozьnyjimi | *grozьnyjimi | *grozьnyjimi |
| locative | *grozьnyjixъ | *grozьnyjixъ | *grozьnyjixъ |
| vocative | *grozьniji | *grozьnyję̇ | *grozьnaja |
Derived terms
- *grozьnikъ (“ugly, disgusting creature or person”)
- *grozьnostь (“ugliness, disgust”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*grozьnъ(jь)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 144
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “грозен”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 284
- Snoj, Marko (2016) “grȏzen”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si
References
- Ж. Колева (2011): Этимологические заметки о слав. *grozьnъ(jь) ‘страшный; уродливый, некрасивый’ и лит. gražus ‘красивый’ (in Russian), Debrecen
- Derksen, Rick (2008) “*grozьnъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 192: “adj. o ‘terrible’”
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