< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gavęzь

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic
*gavęzь

Altnernative reconstructions

Etymology

Literally, “ox's tongue”. Univerbation of Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws (“cattle”) +‎ *ęzy (“tongue”) +‎ *-ь. In Slavic first term is attested in derivative *govędo (“cattle”). The plant's name refers to the shape of the leaves. Compare Serbo-Croatian во̏лови јѐзик／vȍlovi jèzik, Ukrainian воло́вий язи́к (volóvyj jazýk) from *volovъ < *volъ (“ox”).

Similar term exist in Ancient Greek βούγλωσσον (boúglōsson), which was calqued into Persian گاوزبان (gâv-zabân) and later into Arabic لِسَان الثَوْر (lisān aṯ-ṯawr).

Noun

gàvęzь m[1][2]

  1. comfrey (any plant of the genus Symphytum officinale)

Declension
Declension of *gàvęzь (i-stem, accent paradigm a)
singular dual plural
nominative *gàvęzь *gàvęzi *gàvęzьjē, *gàvęžē*
genitive *gàvęzī *gàvęzьju, *gàvęžu* *gàvęzьjь, *gàvęzī*
dative *gàvęzi *gàvęzьma *gàvęzьmъ
accusative *gàvęzь *gàvęzi *gàvęzi
instrumental *gàvęzьmь *gàvęzьma *gàvęzьmī
locative *gàvęzī *gàvęzьju, *gàvęžu* *gàvęzьxъ
vocative *gavęzi *gàvęzi *gàvęzьjē, *gàvęžē*
* The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: *гавѧзь (*gavęzĭ)
      • Old Ruthenian: гавѧзь (havjazʹ), гавѧзъ (havjaz)
        • Belarusian: гавэз (havez)
        • Ukrainian: га́в'язь (hávʺjazʹ), га́в’яз (gáv’jaz)
        • → Old Polish: hawiaź
      • Russian: гавязь (gavjazʹ), гавьяз (gavʹjaz), гавяз (gavjaz), гавяз (gavjaz), гавияс (gavijas), гавяс (gavjas), гобьяз (gobʹjaz) (dialectal)
  • South Slavic:
  • West Slavic:

References
  1. Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1979), “*gavęzъ / gavęzь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 6 (*e – *golva), Moscow: Nauka, page 111
  2. Snoj, Marko (2016) “gȃbez”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si

Further reading
  • Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1995), “gavęzъ”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), volumes 7 (ga – gobьdzь), Wrocław: Ossolineum, →ISBN, page 71
  • Bezlaj, France (1976) “gȃvez”, in Etimološki slovar slovenskega jezika [Etymological Dictionary of the Slovenian Language] (in Slovene), volumes 1 (A – J), Ljubljana: Mladinska knjiga, page 141
  • Machek, Václav (1968) “havez”, in Etymologický slovník jazyka českého [Etymological Dictionary of the Czech Language], 2nd edition, Prague: Academia, page 163
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “гавяз”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982–2012), “га́в'яз”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
  • Skok, Petar (1971) “gavēs”, in Etimologijski rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika [Etymological Dictionary of the Croatian or Serbian Language] (in Serbo-Croatian), volumes 1 (A – J), Zagreb: JAZU, page 555
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