< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dъlgъ
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Related to Gothic 𐌳𐌿𐌻𐌲𐍃 (dulgs, “debt”):
- Most Slavists (Vasmer, Trubačev, Snoj) presume a native origin, because of the mobile accent (atypical for Germanic loanwords). Machek proposes a Slavic origin for the Gothic term. Others usually consider a genetic kinship between the two, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰlegʰ-.
- Germanists (Stender-Petersen, favoured by Pronk-Tiethoff) consider it a Gothic loanword,[1] since other financial terminology in early Slavic was mostly of Germanic origin: e.g. Proto-Slavic *myto (“tax”), *lixva (“interest”), *pěnędzь (“coin”), *kupiti (“to purchase”). Lehmann speculates that both Gothic and Slavic terms may be Celtic loanwords.
Inflection
Though it is traditionally reconstructed as a hard o-stem, Pronk-Tiethoff suggests that *dъlgъ was probably a u-stem instead: “the word is syllabic and has the root structure CъRC-, it shows u-stem endings in Old Church Slavic, as well as, e.g., the ‘second locative’ v dolgú in Russian, and the adjective formation R dolgovój. It has accentuation of the type Stang identifies with the Proto-Slavic u-stems.”
Declension of *dъ̃lgъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm b)
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *dъ̃lgъ | *dъlgà | *dъldzì |
| genitive | *dъlgà | *dъlgù | *dъ̃lgъ |
| dative | *dъlgù | *dъlgòma | *dъlgòmъ |
| accusative | *dъ̃lgъ | *dъlgà | *dъlgỳ |
| instrumental | *dъlgъ̀mь, *dъlgòmь* | *dъlgòma | *dъ̃lgy |
| locative | *dъldzě̀ | *dъlgù | *dъ̃ldzěxъ |
| vocative | *dъlže | *dъlgà | *dъldzì |
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.
Declension of *dъ̑lgъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm c)
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *dъ̑lgъ | *dъ̑lga | *dъ̑ldzi |
| genitive | *dъ̑lga | *dъlgù | *dъ̃lgъ |
| dative | *dъ̑lgu | *dъlgomà | *dъlgòmъ |
| accusative | *dъ̑lgъ | *dъ̑lga | *dъ̑lgy |
| instrumental | *dъ̑lgъmь, *dъ̑lgomь* | *dъlgomà | *dъlgý |
| locative | *dъ̑ldzě | *dъlgù | *dъldzě̃xъ |
| vocative | *dъlže | *dъ̑lga | *dъ̑ldzi |
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.
Declension of *dъ̑lgъ (u-stem, accent paradigm c)
Derived terms
- *dъlžiti (“to own”)
- *dъlžьnъ (“obligated”)
- *dъlžьnikъ (“debtor”)
Descendants
References
- Pronk-Tiethoff, Saskia E. (2013) The Germanic loanwords in Proto-Slavic, Amsterdam - New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 142: “PSl. *dъlgъ ‘debt’ (m. o-stem) [AP C]”
- Derksen, Rick (2008) “*dъ̑lgъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 129: “m. o (c) ‘debt’”
- Olander, Thomas (2001) “dъlgъ dъlga”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c (SA 81, 187; PR 137; MP 16)”
- Snoj, Marko (2016) “dolg”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *dь̑lgъ ali *dъ̑lgъ”
Further reading
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1978), “*dъlgъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 5 (*dělo – *dьržьlь), Moscow: Nauka, page 179
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “долг”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “дълг”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 455
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