< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ařь

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Gothic -𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃 (-āreis), from Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz or from Latin -ārius. Proto-Slavic borrowed from Gothic both the derivations (e.g. *mytařь (“tax collector”) and *bukařь (“scribe, literate man”)) and their base forms (*myto (“payment, gift”) and *buky (“beech; record; document”) which enabled synchronic morphological segmentation of the borrowed denominals and finally an analogical generalization of the *-ařь suffix for forming other denominal nouns with agentive meaning, on the basis of non-borrowed nominal stems (e.g. *kľučařь on the basis of *kľučь, *zidařь on the basis of *zidъ).

Suffix

*-ařь m

  1. -er; derives agent nouns, signifying someone who is connected to something, often by trade or profession.
    1. from nouns
      ‎*myto + ‎*-ařь → ‎*mytařь
      ‎*buky + ‎*-ařь → ‎*bukařь
      ‎*ryba + ‎*-ařь → ‎*rybařь
      ‎*kľučь + ‎*-ařь → ‎*kľučařь
    2. from verbs (the present stem)
      ‎*vold- + ‎*-ařь → ‎*voldařь

Declension
Declension of *-ařь (soft o-stem)
singular dual plural
nominative *-ařь *-ařa *-aři
genitive *-ařa *-ařu *-ařь
dative *-ařu *-ařema *-ařemъ
accusative *-ařь *-ařa *-ařę̇
instrumental *-ařьmь, *-ařemь* *-ařema *-aři
locative *-aři *-ařu *-ařixъ
vocative *-ařu *-ařa *-aři
* -ьmь in North Slavic, -emь in South Slavic.

Derived terms
Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ařь

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: -арь (-arĭ)
      • Old Ruthenian: -аръ (-ar)
      • Russian: -арь (-arʹ)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Old Cyrillic script: -ар҄ь (-arʹĭ)
      Glagolitic script: [Term?]
    • Bulgarian: -ар (-ar)
    • Macedonian: -ар (-ar)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: -ар
      Latin script: -ar
    • Slovene: -ar
  • West Slavic:
    • Czech: -ář
    • Kashubian: -ôrz
    • Polabian: -ăr
    • Polish: -arz
    • Slovak: -ár
    • Sorbian:
      • Lower Sorbian: -aŕ
      • Upper Sorbian: -ar

Further reading
  • Šekli, Matej (2012) “Besedotvorni pomeni samostalniških izpeljank v praslovanščini”, in Philological Studies‎ (in Slovene), volume 10, number 1, Skopje, Perm, Ljubljana, Zagreb, pages 115–32
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