< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/žuti
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Earlier root-stem form of Proto-Slavic *žьvati (“to chew”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵyewh₁-. Akin to Proto-Germanic *kewwaną (“to chew”), Tocharian B śuwaṃ (“to eat”).
Inflection
Conjugation of *žuti, *žu, *žьvetь (perf., -V/C-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *žutьje | *žuti | *žutъ | *žulъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *žutъ | — |
| Active | *žuvъ | — |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *žuxъ | *žu | *žu | *žьvǫ | *žьveši | *žьvetь |
| Dual | *žuxově | *žusta | *žuste | *žьvevě | *žьveta | *žьvete |
| Plural | *žuxomъ | *žuste | *žušę | *žьvemъ | *žьvete | *žьvǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | — | — | — | — | *žьvi | *žьvi |
| Dual | — | — | — | *žьvěvě | *žьvěta | — |
| Plural | — | — | — | *žьvěmъ | *žьvěte | — |
- Notes:
- In perfective verbs, present expresses future
Within some daughter languages (partially blended with *žьvati):
Conjugation of *žuti, *žu, *žujetь (impf., -V-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *žutьje | *žuti | *žutъ | *žulъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *žutъ | *žujemъ |
| Active | *žuvъ | *žuję |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *žuxъ | *žu | *žu | *žujǫ | *žuješi | *žujetь |
| Dual | *žuxově | *žusta | *žuste | *žujevě | *žujeta | *žujete |
| Plural | *žuxomъ | *žuste | *žušę | *žujemъ | *žujete | *žujǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *žujaaxъ | *žujaaše | *žujaaše | — | *žuji | *žuji |
| Dual | *žujaaxově | *žujaašeta | *žujaašete | *žujivě | *žujita | — |
| Plural | *žujaaxomъ | *žujaašete | *žujaaxǫ | *žujimъ | *žujite | — |
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- Bulgarian: жва pf (žva), жву́я impf (žvúja) (obsolescent, dialectal)
- ⇒ Bulgarian: жево́ля (ževólja, “to grind with teeth”)
- Macedonian: жве (žve) (obsolete)
- Bulgarian: жва pf (žva), жву́я impf (žvúja) (obsolescent, dialectal)
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “жевать”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “жевать”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volumes 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 294
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “жеволя”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 529
- А. В. Зеленин, Д. В. Руднев (2018) “Связочный глагол слыть: история модализации”, in Русский язык в научном освещении, number 1 (35), Moscow: ИРЯ РАН, page 87
- Miguel Villanueva Svensson (2011) “The accentuation of the infinitive type Latv. kal̃t, Sl. *kőlti and the development of Indo-European molō-presents in Balto-Slavic”, in Baltistica, →ISSN, page 311
References
- Olander, Thomas (2001) “žuti: ? [žьvǫ žьvetь] / [žijǫ žijetь]”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c (SA 204, 207, 238; PR 139)”
- František Št. Kott (1887) “žuti”, in Česko-německý slovník zvláště grammaticko-fraseologický (in Czech), Prague: František Šimáček, page 879
- František Št. Kott (1887) “2. žíti”, in Česko-německý slovník zvláště grammaticko-fraseologický (in Czech), Prague: František Šimáček, page 838
- Muka, Arnošt (1928) “žuś”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), volume 2, Prague: ČAVU, page 1162; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008
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