< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/ľudъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *h₁lewdʰ-o-s. Compare Proto-Germanic *liudaz (Old High German liut), possibly Albanian lirë.

Noun

*ľȗdъ m[1][2][3]

  1. people (body of persons of the same ethnic group or speaking the same language)

Inflection
Declension of *ľȗdъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm c)
singular dual plural
nominative *ľȗdъ *ľȗda *ľȗdi
genitive *ľȗda *ľudù *ľũdъ
dative *ľȗdu *ľudomà *ľudòmъ
accusative *ľȗdъ *ľȗda *ľȗdy
instrumental *ľȗdъmь, *ľȗdomь* *ľudomà *ľudý
locative *ľȗdě *ľudù *ľudě̃xъ
vocative *ľude *ľȗda *ľȗdi
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Derived terms
nouns
adjectives
nouns

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: *людъ (*ljudŭ)
    • Old Novgorodian: людъ (ljudŭ)
  • South Slavic:
    • Church Slavonic: людъ (ljudŭ)
    • Bulgarian: люд (ljud) (dialectal)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: људ (dialectal)
      Latin script: ljud (dialectal)
    • Slovene: ljȗd (tonal orthography) (archaic)
  • West Slavic:
    • Old Czech: ľud
    • Old Polish: lud
    • Old Slovak: ľud, lid
    • Polabian: ľai̯dai̯ pl
    • Pomeranian:
    • Sorbian:
      • Upper Sorbian: lud
      • Lower Sorbian: lud

References
  1. Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1988), “*ľudъ/*ľudь/*ľuda/*ľudo/*ľudьje”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 15 (*lětina – *lokačь), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 194
  2. Derksen, Rick (2008) “*ļȗdъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 282: “m. o (c) ‘people’”
  3. Olander, Thomas (2001) “ljudъ / ljudь ljuda”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c (SA 70, 171; RPT 97, 102)”

Further reading
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “люд”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Šanskij, N. M. (2004) “люд”, in Školʹnyj etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [School Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Drofa
  • Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “lud”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN, page 291
  • Sławski, Franciszek (1970-1974) “lud”, in Jan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors, Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volumes IV: La—Łapucha, Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego, page 363
  • Machek, Václav (1968) chapter LID, in Etymologický slovník jazyka českého [Etymological Dictionary of the Czech Language], 2nd edition, Prague: Academia, page 331
  • The template Template:R:cs:Rejzek:2007 does not use the parameter(s): 
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    Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.    "lid" in Jiří Rejzek, Český etymologický slovník, electronic version, Leda, 2007
  • Králik, Ľubor (2016) “ľud”, in Stručný etymologický slovník slovenčiny [Concise Etymological Dictionary of Slovak] (in Slovak), Bratislava: VEDA; JÚĽŠ SAV, →ISBN
  • Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982–2012), “люд”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
  • Martynaŭ, V. U., Tsykhun, G. A., editors (1978–2017), “люд”, in Этымалагічны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Etymological Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka
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