< Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic
Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/waraḳ-
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This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Semitic
Etymology
From Proto-Afroasiatic *wVraq- (“green”). Cognate with Egyptian jꜣqt (“leeks, vegetables”) and wꜣḏ (“green”),[1] and likely Central Atlas Tamazight ⵡⵔⵉⵖ (wriɣ, “yellow”).
Declension
Declension of *waraḳ-
| Case | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *waraḳum | *waraḳāna | plural stem + *-ūna | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Genitive | *waraḳim | *waraḳayna | plural stem + *-īna | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accusative | *waraḳam | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| possessive forms | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1st person | *waraḳī / *waraḳVya | — | *waraḳVni | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2nd person m | *waraḳVka | *waraḳVkumā / *waraḳVkumay | *waraḳVkum(ū) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2nd person f | *waraḳVki | *waraḳVkin(ā) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3rd person m | *waraḳVšu | *waraḳVšumā / *waraḳVšumay | *waraḳVšum(ū) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3rd person f | *waraḳVša | *waraḳVšin(ā) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible.
Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *waraḳuya for nom. case, *waraḳiya for gen. case, *waraḳaya for acc. case, etc. Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *waraḳ-
Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *waraḳ-
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Descendants
- East Semitic:
- Akkadian: 𒉿𒊏𒄣 (warāqum)
- West Semitic:
- Central Semitic:
- Arabic: وَرَق (waraq)
- Egyptian Arabic: ورق (waraʔ)
- Hijazi Arabic: وَرَق (warag)
- Maltese: weraq
- → Afar: warkat
- → Azerbaijani: vərəq
- → Georgian: ვარაყი (varaq̇i)
- → Kazakh: парақ (paraq)
- → Kyrgyz: барак (barak)
- → Malay: warkah, warkat
- → Ottoman Turkish: ورق (varaḳ)
- → Turkish: varak
- → Persian: ورق (varaq), ورقه (varaqe)
- → Punjabi: ਵਰਕ (varak)
- → Somali: warqad
- → Spanish: ataurique
- → Uyghur: ۋاراق (waraq)
- → Uzbek: varaq
- Northwest Semitic:
- Arabic: وَرَق (waraq)
- Ethiopian Semitic:
- Central Semitic:
References
- 1995, Antonio Loprieno, Ancient Egyptian: A linguistic introduction, →ISBN
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