Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/napaḫ-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Etymology

Compare with Egyptian nfj.

Verb

*napaḫ-

to blow

Conjugation

Conjugation of Proto-Semitic/napaḫ- (paʕala)

		singular				dual			plural
verbal noun					*napḫ-
active participle					*nāpiḫ-
passive participle					napīḫ-, napūḫ-
		1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person		1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person
perfect	m	*napaḫku	*napaḫka	*napaḫa		*napaḫkayā	*napaḫkā	*napaḫā	*napaḫna	*napaḫkanu	*napaḫū
perfect	f	*napaḫku	*napaḫki	*napaḫat		*napaḫkayā	*napaḫkā	*napaḫatā	*napaḫna	*napaḫkina	*napaḫā

imperfect	m	*ʔanpuḫ	*tanpuḫ	*yinpuḫ			*tanpuḫā	*yanpuḫā	*ninpuḫ	*tanpuḫū	*yinpuḫū
imperfect	f	*ʔanpuḫ	*tanpuḫī	*tanpuḫ			*tanpuḫā	*tanpuḫā	*ninpuḫ	*tanpuḫā	*yinpuḫā

imperative	m		*napuḫ				*napuḫā			*napuḫū
imperative	f		*napuḫī				*napuḫā			*napuḫā

Descendants

East Semitic:
- Akkadian: 𒃸𒃸 (napāḫum, “to blow”)
West Semitic:
- Central Semitic:
  - Arabic: نَفَخَ (nafaḵa, “to blow”)
    - Maltese: nefaħ
  - Northwest Semitic:
    - Aramaic: נָפַח (nāp̄aḥ, “to blow”), נְפַח (nəp̄aḥ, “to blow”).
      - Classical Syriac: ܢܦܰܚ (nəp̄aḥ, “to blow”)
      - Kurdish:
        → Northern Kurdish: nepixîn (“to swell up, be puffed up”), nepixandin (“tto cause to swell, blow, puff up”)
    - Canaanite:
      - Hebrew: נָפַח (nafákh, nāp̄aḥ, “to blow”)
- Ethiopian Semitic:
  - Amharic: ነፋ (näffa)
  - Ge'ez: ነፍኀ (näfḫä), ነፍሐ (näfḥä, “to blow”)
  - Sebat Bet Gurage: ነፋ (näfa, “to blow”)
  - Tigre: ነፍሓ (näfḥa, “to blow”)
  - Tigrinya: ነፍሔ (näfḥe, “to blow”)
- Modern South Arabian:
  - Harsusi: nefōḥ (“to blow”)
  - Mehri: nefḥ (“to blow”)
  - Shehri: nifḥ (“to blow”)
  - Soqotri: náfaḥ (“to blow”)

References

“npḥ”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–

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