< Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic

Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ʔināš-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Noun

*ʔināš- m

  1. human

Reconstruction notes

Kogan considers the first vowel to be indeterminate and reconstructs *ʔVnāš-.

Inflection
Declension of *ʔināš-
Case Singular Dual Plural
Nominative *ʔināšum *ʔināšāna plural stem + *-ūna
Genitive *ʔināšim *ʔināšayna plural stem + *-īna
Accusative *ʔināšam
possessive forms
1st person *ʔināšī / *ʔināšVya — *ʔināšVni
2nd person m *ʔināšVka *ʔināšVkumā / *ʔināšVkumay *ʔināšVkum(ū)
2nd person f *ʔināšVki *ʔināšVkin(ā)
3rd person m *ʔināšVšu *ʔināšVšumā / *ʔināšVšumay *ʔināšVšum(ū)
3rd person f *ʔināšVša *ʔināšVšin(ā)
Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible.

Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *ʔināšuya for nom. case, *ʔināšiya for gen. case, *ʔināšaya for acc. case, etc.

Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *ʔināš-
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative *ʔināšuka *ʔināšāka plural stem + *-ūka
Genitive *ʔināšika *ʔināšayka plural stem + *-īka
Accusative *ʔināšaka
Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *ʔināš-
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative *ʔināšuki *ʔināšāki plural stem + *-ūki
Genitive *ʔināšiki *ʔināšayki plural stem + *-īki
Accusative *ʔināšaki

Descendants
  • East Semitic:
    • Akkadian: 𒈬 (nīšum, “life”), 𒌦𒎌 (nišū, “people”)
  • West Semitic:
    • Central Semitic:
      • Arabic: إِنَاس (ʔinās), أُنَاس (ʔunās), نَاس (nās)
      • Northwest Semitic:
        • Aramaic:
          Biblical Aramaic: אֱנָשׁ (ʾĕnāš)
          Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: אִינָשׁ (ʾīnāš, pronoun), אִינָשָׁא (ʾīnāšā)
        • Canaanite:
          • Hebrew: אֱנוֹשׁ m (enósh, ʾĕnôš) (also claimed to be an old borrowing from Aramaic)
    • Ethiopian Semitic:
      • Harari: [script needed] (insi)
      • Tigre: እናስ (ʾənas)
    • Modern South Arabian:
      • Mehri: ʔans
      • Soqotri: ʔinsíyye

See also
  • *ʔinš- (“man, person”)

References
  • Kogan, Leonid (2011) “Proto-Semitic Lexicon”, in Weninger, Stefan, editor, The Semitic Languages. An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft – Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science; 36), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 232
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