Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/lusuŋ

This Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian

Alternative forms

*əsuŋ, *li(ŋ)suŋ, *ləsuŋ

Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *Nusuŋ. It is assumed that PAn *Nusuŋ underwent an irregular change to PMP *lusuŋ, since all known Malayo-Polynesian reflexes point to an initial lateral.

Noun

*lusuŋ

mortar

Descendants

Philippine
- Batanic
  - Yami: osong
  - Ivatan: husung
  - Ibatan: hosong
- Northern Luzon
  - Cagayan Valley
    - Pamplona Atta: attung
  - Meso-Cordilleran
    - Central Cordilleran
      - Kalinga–Itneg
        Limos Kalinga: lusung
        
        Lubuagan Kalinga: lusung
      - Nuclear Cordilleran
        Ifugao
        Tuwali Ifugao: luhung
        
        Batad Ifugao: luhung
        
        Bontoc–Kankanaey
        Central Bontoc: lusung
        
        Kankanaey: lusóng
    - Southern Cordilleran
      - Ibaloi: desong
  - Northeastern Luzon
    - Casiguran Dumagat Agta: lesóng
- Central Luzon
  - Kapampangan: ásung
- Greater Central Philippine
  - Central Philippine
    - Tagalog: lusóng
    - Visayan
      - Cebuano: lusong
      - Masbatenyo: lusóng
      - Tausug: lusung
  - South Mangyan
    - Hanunoo: lusúng
  - Danao
    - Maguindanao: lesung
    - Maranao: lesong
  - Manobo
    - Western Bukidnon Manobo: lesung
    - Dibabawon Manobo: lusung
    - Binukid: lusung
    - Higaonon: lusung
  - Palawanic
    - Central Palawano: lesung
    - Brooke's Point Palawano: lesung
    - Palawan Batak: lusung
    - Aborlan Tagbanwa: lusung
    - Central Tagbanwa: lutong
  - Gorontalo–Mongondow
    - Mongondow: lotung
    - Lolak: losung
- Kalamian
  - Calamian Tagbanwa: lusung
  - Agutaynen: lotong
- South Mindanao
  - Tboli: sung
  - Tiruray: ˀesuŋ
- Sangiric
  - Sangir: lisung
Barito
- Sama–Bajaw
  - Central Sama: lisungan
North Bornean
- Northeast Sabahan
  - Bonggi: osukng
  - Ida'an: ssung
- Southwest Sabahan
  - Dusunic
    - Central Dusun: tosung
    - Tobilung: tosung
    - Rungus: onsung
    - Brunei Bisaya: asung
  - Paitanic
    - Tombonuo: onsung
- North Sarawakan
  - Berawan–Lower Baram
    - Narom: saung
Land Dayak
- Benyadu-Bekatiʼ
  - Rara Bakati': rangsungan
- Bidayuh
  - Bau Bidayuh: lisuong
  - Biatah Bidayuh: risong
  - Bukar-Sadung Bidayuh: risong
Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands
- Nias: lösu
Malayo-Sumbawan
- Malayic
  - Iban: lesung
  - Malay: lesung
    - Indonesian: lesung
  - Urak Lawoi': เลอซก (lesok)
- Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa
  - Balinese: lesung
  - Sasak: lisung
- Sundanese: leusung
Old Javanese: lĕsuṅ
- Javanese: lesung
South Sulawesi
- Bugis–Tamanic
  - Embaloh: lisungan
- Makassaric
  - Makasar: assung
- Northern
  - Mandar: essung
  - Tae': issong
Celebic
- Tomini–Tolitoli
  - Totoli: losung
  - Boano (Sulawesi): losung
  - Lauje: lonsung
Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian
- Central Malayo-Polynesian
  - Timoric
    - Tetumic
      - Tetum: lesu
    - Babar
      - West Damar: luhnyo
  - Central Maluku
    - West Central Maluku
      - Buru (Indonesia): resun
    - East Central Maluku
      - Kayeli: lesune
      - Nunusaku
        Piru Bay
        Kamarian: esun
        
        Manipa: sune
      - Kowiai: lusin
- Eastern Malayo-Polynesian
  - Halmahera–Cenderawasih
    - East Makian: lusing
    - Buli (Indonesia): lusing
Chamorro: lusong
→ Proto-North Halmahera:
- Galela: lusu
- Loloda: lusungu
- Tobelo: luhungu

References

Blust, Robert & Stephen Trussell, Austronesian Comparative Dictionary – *Nusuŋ.

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