< Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/xšwáypati

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšwáypati, from Proto-Indo-European *kswéyp-e-ti, from *ksweybʰ- ~ *ksweyp- (“to move swiftly, swing, whip”).[1]

Verb

*xšwáypati[2]

  1. to vibrate, tremble, shake
  2. to whip, lash

Derived terms
  • *fraxšwáypati
    • Wakhi: rәšъíp, rәšíp (“to whip”)

Descendants
  • Northeastern Iranian:
    • Yagnobi: žívta (“to whip”)
  • Northwestern Iranian:
    • Gurani: [script needed] (šewiāy)
    • Kurdish:
      Northern Kurdish: šēwā, -šēw- (“to be excited”)
    • Parthian:
      Parthian: 𐫀𐫀𐫢𐫏𐫜𐫤 (ʾʾšyft), 𐫀𐫢𐫏𐫜𐫎 (ʾšyfṯ /⁠āšift⁠/, “to trouble, vex”, pp.)
  • Southwestern Iranian:
    • Middle Persian:
      Manichaean script: 𐫢𐫏𐫁𐫏𐫗𐫏𐫅 (šybynyd /⁠šēb-⁠/, “to move quickly, to be stirred up, to be confused”)
      Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ˣšypynd /⁠šēbēnd⁠/, “to be mixed, stirred up”, 3pl.pres.)
      • Persian: شیبیدن (šêbidan), شیویدن (šīwīdan, “to be mixed; to mix; to tremble, shake”)

References
  1. Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
  2. Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*xšwáyp/b”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 459
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