< Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/xšáfnyah

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From *xšápā ~ *xšáfnah (“night”) +‎ *-yah.[1]

Noun

*xšáfnyah

  1. evening
  2. evening meal, supper

Descendants
  • Central Iranian:
    • Avestan: 𐬑𐬱𐬀𐬟𐬥𐬌𐬌𐬀 (xšafniia)
  • Northeastern Iranian:
    • Sogdian:
      Manichaean script: 𐫟𐫢𐫀𐫖 (xšʾm)
      Syriac script: [Syriac needed] (xšʾm)
      Sogdian script: 𐼰𐼲𐽁𐼰𐼺 (ʾɣšʾm)
  • Southeastern Iranian:
    • Pashto: شومه (šúma)
    • Proto-Sanglechi-Ishkashimi:
      • Ishkashimi: [script needed] (feršun)
  • Northwestern Iranian:
    • Gilaki: [script needed] (šåm)
    • Mazanderani: [script needed] (ašun, “night before last”)
  • Southwestern Iranian:
    • Bashkardi:
      • Minabi: [script needed] (šohm)
    • Old Persian: *xšāfnyah[2]
      • Middle Persian:
        Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (šʾm /⁠šām⁠/)
  • → Old Georgian: *ვახშამი (*vaxšami)
    • Georgian: ვახშამი (vaxšami, “supper”)
      • → Svan: უ̂ახშამ (ûaxšam)
    • ⇒ Old Georgian: ვახშმობა (vaxšmoba, “to have supper”)

References
  1. de Vaan, Michiel (2003) Beekes, R.S.P., Lubotsky, A., Weitenberg, J.J.S., editors, The Avestan Vowels (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 12), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 70
  2. Rezai Baghbidi, Hassan (2017) Middle Persian Historical Phonology, Osaka: Osaka University, page 59: “OP *xšāfnya-”
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